Heart Condition Case Study

/in /by

  • Samantha O’Shea

Course: Healthcare Support

Module: Human Growth and Development


Introduction

I got permission from Ned to do my assignment on him. Some of his information has been changed for confidentiality reasons.

Ned is sixty and the oldest of nine children. Ned has heart condition which is hereditary in his family. His mother had an enlarged heart which the never knew till after she died. Both his father and younger sister also have a heart condition. His father died from the heart condition over twenty years ago. She died at the age of forty two years of age, five years after giving birth to Ned’s younger sister. She also had eight of her children at home which included a set of twins.

Ned had a heart attack about ten years ago while he was in. He found it hard to breath and pains in his chest but didn’t realise he was taking the heart attack. When he was brought to the hospital there was test done and the discovered that he had suffered a heart attack. Ned had a second one year’s later. Before Ned had the heart attack he an unhealthy diet and a heavy smoker. He worked full time in a hotel but now is only working part time. Ned enjoys working as he gets to meet other people and it keeps him busy.

A heart attack is when arteries become blocked or damaged. Plaque builds up in the arteries causing a blood clot. The muscles become damaged or die which cause the heart attack. Symptoms are:

  • Chest pain which is most common.
  • Shortness of breath
  • Upper body pain i.e. jaw, back and arms
  • Weakness
  • Tiredness

To diagnose a heart attack is getting an Electrocardiogram (ECG). Can be done in a hospital or you’re local GPs.

(Irish Heart Foundation 2015)


Physical, Intellectual, Emotional and Social (P.I.E.S) of development during late adulthood

Late adulthood is from the age of sixty-five plus. Their development is completed.


Physical

People in this age group will be going through different physical development caused by aging, their walking be getting slower. In some cases people will get lose some of their fine motor skills such as writing or open a door. Also some people’s ears grow. By 65 a lot of people will have grey hair, wrinkles, their muscles weakening and skin will losing or not as flexible. Also their bones will get weaker.

According to Erikson’s, he believes that people in the 65+ age have more health problems when they get older. Examples off health problems such as diabetes, refluxes, heart condition dementia and motor neuron (MN).


Intellectual

A lot of people will be fully developed. In some cases some people will lose their memory from dementia or their thinking will start to slow down. Some people won’t be quick enough to remember stuff e.g. birthdays. People won’t be quick enough to solve problems.

According to Cliff Notes older people will learn work or information a bit slower than other people or even to remember any work. Their memory won’t be as good as a younger person. But believe that they can still learn as much as a younger person.

(Cliff Notes 2014)


Emotional

Some people could be upset because they are losing people around them such as friends and family. They could be upset because they have to retire. They could be used to working and they don’t want to be sitting around doing nothing which could cause a person to become depressed or lonely. Some people could be emotional because of an illness they have or they could be dying

According to Kubler – Ross a person has to go through the different stages of dying. There are five different stages which are Denial, Anger Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance. A person will go through a lot of different emotions from an illness or dying and will go through Kubler – Ross theory.

(Cliff Notes 2014)


Social

A lot of people at this age will have a lot of people around them such as family and friends. If they are retire the can spend a lot more time with people by doing activities or even some lunch. Another side of retiring people will become anti social because the fell that they have know one around them, which can cause people to become depressed.

According to Erikson’s Integrity VS Despair 65 + a lot of older people recall on their past. They look back at their pride and their dignity. Erikson believes that people in this age category accept death. He then believes that elderly people start isolating themselves from peer groups. They start looking back at their achievements, mistakes and/or missed opportunities. He often believes that people at this age will start isolating themselves from others.


Physical, Intellectual, Emotional and Social (P.I.E.S) of development of individual as well as your own personal prejudices, fears and anxieties

Ned’s Physical, Intellectual, Emotional and Social (P.I.E.S) didn’t change much throughout his late adulthood from the heart attack


Physical

Before Ned had his heart attack he lived an unhealthy lifestyle which included unsociable working hours and he was a heavy smoker. He only works part time now. After having the heart attack he became more tired and he wouldn’t be able to do much work. Ned does certain jobs and he can become weak or breathless.


Intellectual

Ned has his full senses in his age. He has great memory and is able to solve problems. Ned is able to interact with other people. Ned’s intellectual development didn’t change.


Emotional

Ned is nervous because he is retiring in a few years. He is used to working because he is working since he was fourteen or fifteen so he has been working for over fifty years. After Ned having the heart attack he was upset because he was going through a difficult time but now he is fine.


Social

Ned has a good social life. He sees his family regularly and also his friends. He enjoys going to occasions such as weddings to have a good time. Also he enjoys going to his sibling’s house for dinner and a chat. He also has a good relationship with some of his work mates They all started in one of the factories in town and then got the job in the hotel.

My own personal prejudice, fears and anxieties on Ned’s Hearth Condition. I am worried that Ned will take another heart attack that would affect his development. It could affect him physically by getting weaker and he mightn’t be able to return to work. Intellectual it could affect him by him losing his memory which wouldn’t be good for Ned. Emotionally and socially it could affect him by being depressed by not able to work if he has another heart attack. Ned could become anti sociable and depressed.


Variations/Factors affecting the individual at this stage of life

Ned at this stage is still working part time and is enjoying it as is working since he was young. Ned’s health doesn’t affect him that much, unless he is doing something that is making his heart over work such as lifting something to heavy or rushing. It could make him tired or breathless.

If Ned does something to put straining on his heart it could affect him by having another heart attack. A way he could manage it is by not lifting anything to heavy or eating unhealthy food which will help his heart. He could go for little walks to keep fit.

Another thing that could affect Ned is if he over does something like too much exercise, pushing something he can’t. Ned would be putting too much strain on his heart which could leave him breathless, tired or even in hospital. Ned could do some light exercise.

When Ned hits retirement his routine will be out because he won’t be working. Ned won’t be able to interact with as many people because he won’t be working and also he is a single man. He won’t have anyone to talk to.

Another way is that Ned stops or cuts down on smoking as it affects his health.


Recommendations to respond confidently to needs of person

I would recommend Ned to start getting involved with age action so that he can get involved with other people. He won’t become isolated or non sociable with other people. He can meet up with people for an hour or two a week for a chat and a cup of tea.

I also recommend that Ned gets involved with the day care centre the days he isn’t working. He can interact with other people and also get his dinner there for little as five euro. In the day care centre they provide activities.

I recommend he joins the Active Retirement Association Tullamore (T.A.R.A). This is on one day a week for people over the age of 55. The get to go on trips over Ireland, have social gatherings, exercise and creative opportunities.

Another organisation Ned could join is the Arden View resource centre. It allows the people to meet up and socialise with other people, go on day trips, and get to do activities.

Ned could do any of these organisations that won’t be too stressful or to harmful on his heart. Ned will get to interact with other people and become more sociable. He would enjoy the activities and socialising with other people because he likes talking and getting involved.

Also these would help Ned to get used to being in organisations because he will be retiring in the next year or two. If he starts now he will get used to being in organisations and where as if he leaves it to the last minute he mightn’t have the confidence to join.


Conclusion

From doing this assignment I learnt that Ned’s family heart condition is genetic in his family. His family should be getting themselves checked for heart condition because the could be affected.

I also learnt more about a heart disease and what it’s physical and mental affects are on someone. I learnt that it could kill of some of your heart and I learnt more on the signs and symptoms such as the upper body pain.


Bibliography


Book

Creative Training Book 2015


Web sites

Cliffs Notes (2014)

Development in Late Adulthood

[online], Available:

http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/psychology/psychology/developmental-psychology-age-13-to-65/development-in-late-adulthood

[accessed 30th March 2015]

Cliffs Notes (2014)

Intelligence and Memory age 65

[online], Available:

http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/psychology/development-psychology/physical-cognitive-development-65/intelligence-and-memory-age-65

[accessed 30th March 2015]

Irish Heart Foundation (2015)

Heart Attack

[online], Available:

https://www.irishheart.ie/iopen24/heart-attack-t-7_19_61.html

[accessed 29th March 2015]

1

5M4339Samantha O’Shea

Benefits of Physical Exercise

/in /by

The impact of exercise on physical and mental well-being

Regular physical exercise is beneficial to the body on a long-term basis. Most experts believe that healthy eating enhances the health of the body. However, recent research indicates that

healthy eating

has to be in tandem with physical exercises in order to ensure that the body systems function best. Regular physical exercises ensure that the body is able to manage heart diseases and other ailments such as diabetes.

By engaging in physical exercises, an individual is able to enhance his or her chances of living longer, while keeping diseases at bay. Additionally, physical exercises ensure that blood lipid patterns are kept at a minimum (Langlois, 2013). Although heart diseases are usually associated with lack of physical exercises, staying active also ensures that the body effectively manages all kinds of diseases. For instance, people can be protected against high blood pressure and breast cancer if they take physical exercises as routine.

Exercise and Mental Health

Apart from physical exercises ensuring the long-term health of an individual through overcoming diseases, the mental health of the individual also improves. Physical activity ensures the release of chemicals in the brain. These chemicals maintain a relaxation atmosphere in the body. The aspect of relaxing the mind raises the self-esteem of a person because it increases self-confidence (Langlois, 2013). People who spend most of their time in the office usually develop stress. Involving in physical exercise provides the individual with an opportunity to relieve stress. Physical exercises increase norepinephrine concentration (Penedo & Dahn, 2009). This chemical empowers the brain to effectively respond to stress. Penedo and Dahn (2009) acknowledge how the increased temperature through physical exercise helps to reduce tension within the muscles. This leads to relaxation that overcomes stress. An additional benefit of working out is that it increases the concentration of the mind. Studies have shown that exercises boost sleep, while at the same time helping people who are suffering from depression.

The natural tendency of the body to treat depression can also be envisaged through the increased secretion of endorphins due to physical exercises. Experts such as Penedo and Dahn (2009) state that hormones secreted by the brain during heavy physical exercise reduce depression to greater levels. The authors state that exercise is an effective antidepressant. This signifies that individuals who perform regular physical exercises would not need to use antidepressant pills for treating depression. Individuals who have had difficulties in sleeping would find regular exercises to be effective mechanisms to induce sleep. Research shows that regular exercises usually help individuals to fall sleep faster, and maintain the duration of sleep for a longer period.

Control of Body Weight, Bones, and Muscles

Individuals who habitually involve in physical exercises seldom have challenges with controlling their body weight. Most adult American citizens usually add weight, and this makes them susceptible to illness such as arthritis, stroke, and breathing complications (PHC, 2012). The excess energy that compiles within the body can be reduced through physical exercises. It is important that adults involve in exercises that are more physical in order to maintain their weight. In particular, it is important that fat be converted into muscles.

In order to maintain muscles, regular physical exercises are mandatory, because they also reduce the tendency to develop fractures. A study performed on older people in a Liverpool community indicated that Muscles and bones benefit through physical exercises because they become strong (PHC, 2012). Therefore, for older people, it is quite necessary for them to develop strong bones through performing exercises such as weight lifting, walking and running. This can help them to lower their chances of developing osteoporosis; an ailment that is associated with old people.

How Physical Exercises Reduce Lung Cancer

Research undertaken by the American association of cancer research (2006) indicated that physical exercises reduce lung cancer. In particular, the report by Aacr (2006) suggests that women who smoke and involve in physical exercises can enjoy a reduced risk of developing lung cancer. In general, it appears that a physically active smoker has lesser chances of developing lung cancer compared to a sedentary smoker (Aacr 2006). Aacr (2006) further adds that both male and female smokers who have tried and failed in quitting smoking would find physical exercises as an effective option to reduce their susceptibility to developing lung cancer. Thune (2011) supports this argument by arguing that physical exercises usually reduce the prevalence of lung cancer in men and women by 20-50% and 20-30% respectively. Moreover, research has proved that physical exercises usually improve pulmonary functions while reducing the concentration of carcinogenic agents in the lungs (Andersen, 2011). This increases the immune functioning of the body while at the same time enhancing DNA repair capacity (Thune 2011).

Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases

Many people know the importance of physical exercises in reducing cardiovascular diseases. The aspect of consuming a high calorie diet devoid of any physical exercises ensures that the body accumulates cholesterol (Cdc, 2014). This cholesterol is responsible for heart diseases. Although many experts have argued that it is important to maintain a low calorie diet, regular physical exercises usually help the body to adjust to a low calorie diet. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that irrespective of an individual’s body weight, staying active usually boosts high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The center further stipulates that good exercise normally results in the smooth flow of blood, an aspect that reduces the risks of developing cardiovascular diseases. Citizens do not value physical exercises because of the belief that they are strenuous. However, it is recommended that just a few minutes of walking can have a great effect on the health of the body. A 30-minute walk that is done on a regular basis can have a greater effect of preventing cardiovascular diseases. In essence, it is always better to start the habit of having a daily walk early, rather than waiting for the onset of diseases. In the medical field, exercises not only help in preventing and diminishing cardiovascular diseases, but also ensure that an individual looks younger and fitter (Cdc, 2014).

How Physical Exercises Enhance Endurance and Intimacy

Little research has however been done to ascertain how exercise can benefit the endurance of an individual. For instance, physical exercise increases the strength of the body, thus making it easier to overcome challenging tasks. This is achieved through the increased volumes of oxygen that is pumped into the tissues. This delivers enormous energy that is never accessed through the sedentary state. Consistent energy within the body is therefore an assurance of stamina that makes it easier to go through the daily chores of life (Cdc, 2014).

Physical intimacy can also receive a boost if couples can choose to involve in regular physical exercises. The fact that an individual feels energized after going through physical exercise is an indication that couples can easily rejuvenate their intimacy through working out (Cdc, 2014). In particular, women who regularly involve in physical exercises usually enjoy enhanced arousal. For men, sexual challenges such as erectile dysfunction can be overcome through regular physical exercises.

Physical Benefits Through Socialization

The physical health of the body depends on a variety of factors. The aspect of maintaining strong social ties with friends and families usually helps to keep the mind and the body in the best state. In this sense, physical activity enhances the overall happiness of people through the fun associated with it. The social setting that is associated with physical exercise ensures that individuals remove the habitual boredom associated with the formal environment (Cdc, 2014). For instance, dancing classes and soccer teams are excellent settings through which people can enjoy, gain new friends, and try something new that may have an economic benefit.

The Role that the State can Play

Physical exercises serve many functions. This signifies that the State can play its rightful role in ensuring that citizens can become healthy through working out. In the American and UK situations, the state can provide a comprehensive physical activity program in order to improve physical exercises among citizens. Currently, deaths from chronic diseases among Americans and Britons are high. These deaths could have been avoided if the respective countries could have unveiled programs that would have encouraged citizens to involve in more exercises that are physical (Alderman, 2009).

Therefore, states have a strategic role in ensuring compliance to physical exercises. Evidence suggests that America has half a million deaths in a year resulting from physical inactivity (Macera, 2010). In this regard, the state can encourage increased physical activity to sedentary subgroups and populations. This would be achieved through measures such as community wide campaigns that target a diverse audience. Programs that target individuals can also help to enhance behavioral change. For instance, the State can come up with reward systems in order to celebrate the achievements that have been made by people who have taken up physical exercises and posted excellent results.

Cases of obesity in the UK are on the increase among school going children, and this is setting a bad precedent for their future. The country can intervene in this situation through establishing public policies that encourage physical exercises. For instance, school based physical education (PE) programs are good examples (Pate, 2006). Such programs would ensure that a curriculum of vigorous physical exercises is esteemed and followed strictly. School administrators would be required to increase the amount of time allocated to physical activities (Alderman, 2009).

States can also increase civil education initiatives that can be used to change cultural attitudes towards physical activity and obesity. People usually associate an increased body weight with prosperity, and those with lean bodies are regarded as being unhealthy. Such mindsets usually encourage people to eat high calorie foods while making them to lead a sedentary lifestyle. State interventions would therefore encourage citizens to involve in physical exercises while disregarding such retrogressive cultures. The US government may also invest in zoning, in which government policy can make it mandatory for people to involve in physical activities. (Pate, 2006). These programs would ensure that citizens use stairs rather than elevators when making movements in tall buildings.

Conclusion

Physical exercises play a distinct role in ensuring the physical and mental well being of citizens. Apart from diminishing the prevalence of diseases, physical exercises help one to overcome depression and stress. People who perform physical exercises also live longer compared to those who seldom perform them. The state has an important role in establishing policies and interventions that can promote physical exercises. School going children can benefit more through programs such as physical education (PE).


References

Aacr. ( 2006, December 11).

Exercise Can Reduce a Smoker’s Lung Cancer Risk, but Quitting Smoking Is Still Most Important

. Retrieved from

http://www.aacr.org/home/public–media/aacr-press-releases/press-releases-2006.aspx?d=699

Alderman, B. (2009). Enhancing Motivation in Physical Education.

Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance


, 77

(2), 1-1.

Andersen, A. (2011). Do patients with lung cancer benefit from physical exercise?

Acta Oncologica , 50

(2), 307 – 313.

Cdc. (2014).

Physical Activity for a Healthy Weight

. Retrieved from

http://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/physical_activity/index.html?s_cid=tw_ob387

Langlois, F. (2013). Benefits of physical exercise training on cognition and quality of life in frail older adults.

The journals of gerontology


, 68

(3), 1079-5014.

Macera, C. A. (2010).

Promoting Healthy Eating and Phyisical Activity for a Healthier Nation.

Retrieved from

http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/publications/pdf/pp-ch7.pdf

Pate, R. R. (2006).

Promoting Physical Activity in Children and Youth

. Retrieved from :

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/114/11/1214.full

Penedo, & Dahn, F. a. (2009). Exercise and well-being: a review of mental and physical health benefits associated with physical activity.

Current opinion in psychiatry


, 18

(2), 189 – 193.

PHC. (2012). Benefits of physical exercise for older people confirmed.

Primary Health Care


, 22

(8), 7.

Thune, E. (2011). Physical activity and lung cancer prevention.

Recent Results Cancer Research


, 186

, 101-133.

Community Nursing Discussion Minimum 250 And.3 References For Part 1- Minimum 150 Words And 2 References For Part 2 And Part 3

/in /by

Part #1:

You are the community nurse working for a disability program that focuses on persons with physical disabilities including use of assistive devices, oxygen, and complex medication regimes.  The organization asks you to plan for a disaster like a tornado or hurricane so that the clients can maintain their current plans of care.  What specifics would you need to address including shelters, obtaining needed equipment & medications, and assistive devices?  What resources currently exist in your community for these individuals?  How would you organize the plans and communicate them?  What community partners are needed for success?  How would you evaluate the results?

Part #2:

Read the Application to Practice on page 923. Answer the questions presented in the scenario. Additionally, what specific resources are available here in SWFL or your area of practice for situations like this? How could you access them? What other options are there? How would you enhance resources based on need for telehealth and physical distancing?  What roles can the community health nurse play in caring for elderly in the community?  How would you evaluate the initiatives you undertake for this group of persons?

Discussion #3:

You are sent to a school to fill in for the nurse who is not working because of risk for SARS- COV2 disease. The school hires you on a part-time basis, twice weekly for the school year. You are the only nurse for 800 students ages 5 – 12. The school building is old but well kept. The school administrators are supportive and receptive to new ideas. The school does receive federal funding for childhood nutrition. There is a local hospital clinic that works with the school. With SARS-COV2, students must their lunches and eat in their classrooms. No health-related programs are in place for the school’s faculty and staff. With SARS-COV2 pandemic, you are tasked with developing a program and actions to prevent spread of infections within the school.

Be specific in your answers with concrete examples within your scope of practice and abilities in this position.

  1. Review the Healthy People 2030 objectives for school health and other relevant topics.
  2. Identify and prioritize the top 3 needs of this school within the scope of public health and school nurse practice related to SARS-COV2 prevention and mitigation of spread.
  3. What roles must the school nurse play at this school? Who could be the nurse’s partners and stakeholders in meeting health needs in the school?
  4. What specific recommendations or programs could you recommend from the Community, system and individual/family levels? Examples are but not limited to use of masks, physical distance, barriers, immunizations potentially for this disease and current state mandated plus influenza for students and staff.
  5. How would you evaluate your proposed initiative/ program outcomes?

Xanax Medication Analysis

/in /by


Samantha E. Mendoza

The brand name is Xanax, the generic name is alprazolam, and the chemical name is 8-Chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo [4,3-α] [1,4] benzodiazepine. It is a drug used for managing anxiety disorder or for the short term relief of anxiety symptoms in adults (WebMD, n.d.). Xanax is considered a Schedule IV narcotic because Xanax has a medical use, but the drug is still considered to have potential for abuse. It belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines, which are a type of medications commonly known as tranquilizers (Addiction blog, n.d.). The Upjohn Company manufactures Xanax, who also developed the medication in the late 1960’s (Xanax history, n.d.). Another type of alprazolam is Valium. They are one of the most commonly prescribed medications in the United States.

Xanax is a given in a tablet form. Alprazolam is a white crystalline powder which can be soluble in methanol or ethanol. It is an oral medication, taken by mouth as directed by the doctor. The dosage of this medication is measured based on the medical condition, age, and the response to the treatment. Dosage may be increased until medication starts to work well. The usual dosages are 0.25mg to 0.5mg given three times daily for patients with an anxiety disorder. The dosage may fluctuate depending on how severe the patient’s condition may be. The prescription will never be more than 4mg a day. As for patients with panic disorders the usual dosage is within 1 to 10 mg daily. Once again, also depending on how severe their disorder is. Xanax is supplied with tablets of 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg (Xanax dosage guide, n.d.).

Medication Indications

Xanax is indicated to manage an anxiety disorder or the short term relief of symptoms of anxiety, it is also indicated for the treatment of panic disorder. Having an anxiety disorder is excessively having to worry. It can cause autonomic hyperactivity, sweating, dizziness, and difficulty in concentration. A panic disorder can cause an accelerated heart rate, sweating, short breath, and lightheaded (Managing, n.d.). The drug interactions are very severe, Xanax should not be taken with anything that contains benzodiazepines or alprazolam.

Warnings and Precautions

Always store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom and always make sure you keep all medications away from children and pets. Alos, people with a history of severe lung problems, liver disease, kidney disease, drug or alcohol abuse, and narrow-angle glaucoma and are taking itraconazole or ketoconazole should not use Xanax. Also, women who are pregnant or nursing should not use this medication because this medicine can cause birth defects or life threatening withdrawal symptoms on newborns (Xanax, n.d.). When women nurse while taking Xanax it causes constant crying, irritability and sleep disturbances in infants. This medication can also increase the effects of alcohol. People with a history of depression or suicidal thoughts should not take this medication. Since this medication can be habit-forming, it should only be used by the person to whom it was prescribed. It can also impair thinking or reactions, so driving or doing anything that requires the person to be alert, should be avoided.

Important Information

Benzodiazepines were thought to have little potential for abuse and dependence but withdrawal symptoms are now well known for some of these type of drugs which includes Xanax. There’s several cases where patients taking this medication have severe withdraw symptoms suddenly (Xanax dosage guide, n.d.). So to prevent this, doctors gradually reduce a patient’s dose before advising them to suddenly stop taking it. Whether you use Xanax with no medical use or inappropriate doses it can quickly lead to a problem. Possible overdose is always possible especially to people who do not get prescribed the drug but still tend to take it. Overdose symptoms may include: severe drowsiness, slowed/reduced reflexes, slowed breathing, loss of consciousness.


References

Addiction blog. (n.d.) Retrieved from


http://prescription-drug.addictionblog.org/is-xanax-a-narcotic/

Managing an anxiety disorder can be difficult. (n.d.). Retrieved from


https://www.xanax.com/?source=google&%3BHBX_PK=s_xanax&%3Bo=138883499%7C311176539%7C0&%3Bskwid=4370001432080628

WebMD (n.d.). Retrieved from


http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-9824/xanax-oral/details

Xanax (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.drugs.com/xanax.html

Xanax dosage guide. (n.d.). Retrieved from


https://www.drugs.com/dosage/xanax.html

Xanax history. (n.d.). Retrieved from


http://xanaxaddictionhelp.com/xanax-history/

How does the community health nurse recognize bias- stereotypes- and implicit bias within the community How should the nurse address these concepts to ensure health promotion activities are cultural

/in /by

How does the community health nurse recognize bias, stereotypes, and implicit bias within the community? How should the nurse address these concepts to ensure health promotion activities are culturally competent? Propose strategies that you can employ to reduce cultural dissonance and bias to deliver culturally competent care. Include an evidence-based article that address the cultural issue. Cite and reference the article in APA format.

Retail marketing case study questions

/in /by

Papers are required to meet all APA guidelines including title page, in-text citations, and reference page.Page requirements: For this assignment, there is not a minimum nor a maximum page requirement.  However, students are required to answer each questions in a scholarly manner (meaning a proper in-depth answer in required for each question).When answering each question, students must follow the following example:Case study name and number should use APA Header 1Write out each question using APA Header 2Your in-depth answer in proper APA writing.Example of the proper page format (Using Case Study #1 as an example):                                                            Case 1: Howard Schultz on Starbucks’ Future Plans to Grown (Header 1)Question #1: Discuss the pros and cons of evaluating a retailers success using same store sales growth data? (Header 2)            Your answer will follow….

Locate and compare performance measurement data on common health conditions for the hospitals in your area.

/in /by

Locate and compare performance measurement data on common health conditions for the hospitals in your area.

 

Locate and compare performance measurement data on common health conditions for the hospitals in your area. You will investigate the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services websites and locate
hospital compare data for hospitals within a 50-mile radius of the community where you are working or had your prelicensure clinical experiences. You will prepare a PowerPoint presentation and
share the results of your findings. Opportunities for improving performance measurement indicators will be shared. Use the 2 sources provided in the guidelines

With the information that we have got we have to do a nursing care plan with 4 problems and with each problem what the objective/goal is.

/in /by

With the information that we have got we have to do a nursing care plan with 4 problems and with each problem what the objective/goal is.

Problem based learning package. With the information that we have got we have to do a nursing care plan with 4 problems and with each problem what the objective/goal is, the interventions, person responsible. review date review outcomes, and end date. We also have to do a discharge care plan. All this part above needs to be about 600 words

Then we have to do about 200 words about the rationales for the interventions

Physical Therapist Assistants: Role and Requirements

/in /by

  • Rodny German Sotolongo

Physical therapist assistants (PTAs) are health care providers who work as part of a team to provide physical therapy services under the supervision of licensed therapists. They assist individuals of all ages from young to old who have medical problems that deter them from performing their daily chores. They also teach patients how to exercise in order to enhance their strength and coordination. By use of treatment techniques, they examine individuals to relieve pain, enhance mobility and to restore function of the body. In addition, they develop fitness and wellness- oriented programs for healthier living (American Physical Therapy Assocation, 2015).

The physical therapist assistant profession has a scope of practice, which is dynamic, growing with evidence, societal needs and education. It has three components, which include professional, jurisdictional and personal (American Physical Therapy Assocation, 2015). The professional scope is defined as a practice that is grounded in the profession’s typical field supported by educational preparation, based on a body of proof, and linked to emerging practice frameworks. The jurisdictional scope of practice is established by a state’s practice act controlling the specific physical therapist’s license, and the regulations adopted should comply with that act. Finally, the personal scope of practice is made up of activities that are undertaken by an individual physical therapist and located within a physical therapist’s exclusive body of knowledge where the individual is trained, educated, and competent to perform that activity.

The physical assistant therapists have codes of ethics, which enhance in defining the ethical principles that form the base of physical therapist practice in client management, consultation, research, and administration. The codes of ethics also provide standards of behavior and performance that form the basis of professional accountability to the public (Curtis, 1999). They include demonstrating integrity in their relationships with clients, families and students. They achieve this by being honest, truthful, accurate and relevant in giving information without exploiting their clients. Physical assistant therapists should also fulfill their legal and professional obligations by obeying the rules and regulations of the state. They should encourage their friends with physical or psychological impairments that may adversely affect their professional responsibilities to seek assistance. Of great significance is that they should participate in all efforts to meet the health needs of people locally, nationally or globally. They can achieve this by providing pro bono physical therapy services or support organizations to meet the health needs of people who are economically disadvantaged (Swisher L, 2010).

One of the requirements for this occupation is an associate’s degree. Many states require licensure after completing an approved degree program. Licensure requires the passage of national and state examination in the field, and these licensure requirements are regulated by Physical Therapy boards. However, most require graduation from an accredited program, must have done some clinical work and a good grade on the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE). Some states also call for applicants to pass separate tests on medical ethics. Apart from the required state license, physical therapists also have a chance to earn voluntary professional certification in specialist areas and credentials are offered by physical therapy professional organizations. The Commission on Accreditation of Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) is an important accrediting agency for graduate programs. Accreditation ensures that PT and PTA degree programs maintain particular academic standards and thus will be able to graduate professionals who are very competitive in the society. PTA programs are accredited at the associate level. The National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE), is administered by the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy (FSBPT). To be able to sit for the National Physical Therapy Examination, one must complete a CAPTE- accredited degree program (SR Education Group, 2014).

According to SR Education Group (2014), there are many institutions offering physical therapist programs. One of them is Boston University, which charges $44,880 per year; University of Michigan-Fint, $18,238; and University of New England, $33,145 per year. The programs these universities offer prepare students for a career as a physical therapy aide or assistant. Master’s programs in physical therapy typically last two years, and doctoral programs last three years. Bachelor’s programs in physical therapy are often titled “pre-physical therapy” programs, because they are designed to prepare students for graduate programs in physical therapy.

There are many certified occupations in this field. One of them is the clinical electrophysiology, that studies electric functions of the body. The physical therapists who specialize in this area record and interpret data, and then apply their findings to a patient’s physical therapy plan.There is also cardiovascular and pulmonary, which is treating patients with cardiopulmonary disorders or those who have had cardiac or pulmonary surgery.Other examples include: geriatrics – the physical therapy for the elderly and aging; neurology, which deals with patients suffering from brain injuries; orthopaedics, which entails working with people who have broken or weak bones; paediatric physical therapy, which is administered to young children; and women’s health specialists, who assist patients with medical conditions such as pre- and postnatal distress, incontinence, and lower back pain (SR Education Group, 2014).

According to McKay (2015), this career is growing more quickly than most other health care jobs. He notes that prospects are even better for physical therapist assistants than for physical therapists who oversee them. The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts physical therapists will employ more physical therapist assistants to evaluate patients with the intention of lowering the costs. It is estimated that employment growth for physical therapist assistants should average 41 percent between 2012 and 2022 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, 2014). The average salary for this career is about $53,360 per year and the best paid earns $73,760 per year. The modern field of physical therapy is showing dynamic expansion into a variety of new areas that present exciting opportunities for new and currently employed physical therapists and physical therapist assistants. Some of the newest opportunities in this field include working in private offices, workplace, home care services, sports, medicine, school/pre-school, industrial and outpatient clinic. The largest percentage of patients receiving this service are older adults over the age of 65 years (Wedge, Mendoza, & Reft, 2014).

I have been having a strong interest in this field since my childhood. My strong passion to help people, my first-rate interpersonal skills and the experience I am getting adds ignites more desire of becoming a physical therapist assistant. My aims and objectives after the undergraduate degree is to look for internship to hone my skills in this field. After that, I will look for a job in a health care institution after acquiring the licence. This field truly satisfies me together with the remuneration that comes with it.

References

American Physical Therapy Association. (2015, February 2).

Ethics & Professionalism

. Retrieved February 25, 2015, from

http://www.apta.org/EthicsProfessionalism/

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2014, January 8).

Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2014-15 Edition, Occupational Therapy Assistants and Aides

. Retrieved February 25, 2015, from

http://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/occupational-therapy-assistants-and-aides.htm#tab-2

Curtis, K. A. (1999).

The Physical Therapist’s Guide to Health Care.

Thorofare, NJ: SLACK Incorporated,.

McKay, D. R. (2015).

Physical Therapist -Career Information

. Retrieved February 25, 2015, from

http://careerplanning.about.com/od/occupations/p/phys_therapist.htm

SR Education Group. (2014).

Accredited Colleges Offering Physical Therapist Degrees

. Retrieved February 25, 2015, from

http://www.collegesanddegrees.com/programs/physical-therapy

Swisher L, H. P. (2010). The Revised APTA Codes of Ethics for the Physical Therapist Assistant: Theory, Purpose, Process and SInifigance.

Physical Therapy

,

90

(5), 803-804.

Wedge, F., Mendoza, M., & Reft, J. (2014). Development of Geriatric Curricular Content Within a Physical Therapist Assistant Education Program.

Journal of Physical Therapy Education

,

28

(2), 85-90.

Evaluate published nursing research for credibility and clinical significance related to evidence- based practice.

/in /by

Evaluate published nursing research for credibility and clinical significance related to evidence- based practice.

Appraising the Evidence Guidelines
PURPOSE
The purpose of this paper is to interpret the two articles identified as most important to the group topic.
COURSE OUTCOMES
This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes:
CO 2: Apply research principles to the interpretation of the content of published research studies. (POs #4 and #8)
CO 4: Evaluate published nursing research for credibility and clinical significance related to evidence- based practice. (POs #4 and #8)

DUE DATE
Refer to the course calendar for due date information. The college’s Late Assignment policy applies to this activity.

TOTAL POINTS POSSIBLE
150 POINTS
REQUIREMENTS
The paper will include the following.
1. Clinical question
a. Description of problem
b. Significance of problem
c. Purpose of paper
2. Description of findings
a. Summarize basics in the Matrix Table as found in Assignment Documents in e-College.
b. Describe
i. Concepts
ii. Methods used
iii. Participants
iv. Instruments including reliability and validity
v. Answer to “Purpose” question
vi. Identify next step for group
3. Conclusion of paper
4. Format
a. Correct grammar and spelling
b. Use of headings for each section
c. Use of APA format (sixth edition)
d. Page length: three pages
PREPARING THE PAPER
1. Please make sure you do not duplicate articles within your group.
2. Paper should include a title page and a reference page.

DIRECTIONS AND ASSIGNMENT CRITERIA
Assignment Criteria Points % Description
Problem 20
13%
1. Problem is described: What is the focus of your group’s work?
2. Significance of the problem is described: What health outcomes result from your problem? Or what statistics document this is a problem? You may find support on websites for government or professional organizations.
3. Purpose of your paper: What will your paper do or describe? “The
purpose of this paper is to . . .”

**Please note that although most of these questions are the same as you addressed in paper 1, the purpose of this paper is different. You can use your work from paper 1 for items 1 and 2 above, including any suggestions for improvement provided as feedback. Item 3 above should be specific to this paper.
Description of
Findings: Summary
20

13% Summarize the basics of each article in a matrix table that appears in the appendix.

Description of
Findings: Description 60 41% Describe in the body of the paper the following.
• What concepts have been studied?
• What methods have been used?
• Who are the participants or members of the samples?
• What instruments have been used? Did the authors describe the reliability and validity?
• How do you answer your original “purpose of this paper” question? Do the findings of the articles provide evidence for your answers? If so, how? If not, what is still needed to be able to answer your question?
• What is needed for the next step? Identify two questions that can help guide the group’s work.
Description of
Findings: Conclusion 20 13% Conclusion: Review major findings in your paper in a summary paragraph.
Format 30
20%
1. Correct grammar and spelling
2. Use headings for each section: Problem, Synthesis of the Literature
(Concepts, Methods, Participants, Instruments, Implications for Future Work), Conclusion.
3. APA format (sixth ed.): Appendices follow references.
4. Paper length: Three pages
Total 150 100%

GRADING RUBRIC
Assignment Criteria Outstanding or Highest Level of Performance

A (92–100%) Very Good or High Level of Performance

B (84–91%) Competent or Satisfactory Level of Performance

C (76–83%) Poor, Failing or Unsatisfactory Level of Performance
F (0–75%)