Discussion 10

 

Ethics and Globalization of Health Care

Click the link above to get started with the weekly discussion. If you need help with completing discussions, please watch this video.

From your discussion preparation, examine the primary reasons why medical tourism is becoming popular among Americans, and determine whether or not the health care industry should encourage this consumer behavior. Give at least two specific examples associated with such patient medical consumerism behaviors.

Create a small prevention program that could be implemented at a health fair, at a workplace, or in a school.

Create a small prevention program that could be implemented at a health fair, at a workplace, or in a school.

Create a small prevention program that could be implemented at a health fair, at a workplace, or in a school. The goal of this assignment is to articulate the social, biological, and psychological consequences of addictive behaviors to an at-risk population and contextualize issues of addiction in historical and social frameworks.

For this presentation, you will present your complete prevention program.

The presentation should include 7–10 slides (not counting title slide and references slide) with speaker notes to address the following topics:

Population that is at risk
Addiction and the effects that this addiction has on the individual, family, workplace, and community
A look at the history and social frameworks of this addiction and the at-risk population
Where is the best place to implement this program?
How will you measure success for this prevention program?
Could you apply this prevention program within your real life and community? If so, will you, and if not, why not?
An effective presentation will include:

Dynamic formatting of the slides
Appropriate images, charts, graphs, and so on
Clean bullets points that do not give too much information per slide
Use of the speaker notes section to clearly define the bullets of the slide and provide reference to cited material

Disorder of the GU, abdomen, anus/rectum system

Disorder of the GU, abdomen, anus/rectum system

Please select a disorder of the GU, abdomen, anus/rectum systems (pelvic inflammatory disease, cervicitis, STDs, UTI, prostatitis, balanitis, urethritis, epididymitis, testicular torsion, hydrocele, epispadias, rectal prolapse, hemorrhoids, GERD, appendicitis, cholecystitis) and answer the following questions:
1. What are the presenting symptoms?
2. How is it distinguished from other similar disorders (assessment findings, common in particular age/sex or ethnic group, etc.)?
3. What is your first intervention?
4. How will you confirm the diagnosis?
5. What is the appropriate treatment?
6. Write a prescription to treat the illness (if applicable or refer to appropriate specialty if needed) that includes (patient name, date, name of drug, dose, and strength, quantity to dispense, directions of how often to take the medicine, and number of refills).
7. When will you schedule a follow-up appointment and what is your plan on the follow up visit?

Returning to School to Become a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Custom Essay

Returning to School to Become a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Custom Essay

Returning to School to Become a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Introduction There is great benefit and reward in returning to nursing school. Returning to nursing school has a positive, transformative, and life-changing effect. This essay will explore factors contributing to nurses returning to school, barriers that returning nursing students might face,

Effect of Multiple Sclerosis on the Integumentary System


Effect of Multiple Sclerosis on the Integumentary System

Contents


Indroduction


Procedures


Findings/Investiagtion


Structure Of The Integumentary System


Epidermis


Stratum Corneum


Stratum Luicidum


Stratum Granulosum


Stratum Spinosum


Stratum Germinitivium


Diagram 1: Layers of the Epidermis


Dermis


Diagram 2: Image of the Dermis


Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)


Function Of The Integumentary System


Sensation


Heat Regulation


Absorbtion


Protection


Exccretion


Secretion


Multiple Sclerosis


Diagram 3. Image of Demyelination


Multiple Scelrosis and the Integumentary System


Treatment Plans/Lifestlye Changes


Treatments for MS attacks/flare ups


 Corticosteroids,


 Plasma Exchange (plasmapheresis),


Treatment options for relapsing-remitting MS include


 Beta Interferons,


 Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus),


 Glatiramer Acetate (Copaxone)


 Dimethyl Fumarate (Tecfidera)


 Fingolimod (Gilenya)


 Teriflunomide (Aubagio)


 Natalizumab (Tysabri)


 Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada)


 Mitoxantrone


Life style changes


Bibleography


Websites


Images


Indroduction

On the 16

th

of October 2018 I was insructed to complete an investigation report relevent to my course choice Beauty Therapy studies level 2 by Elaine Donaldson, my Anatomy Tutor.

I have choosen to do my report on the structure and functions of the skin and how Multiple Sclerosis effects the nerve endings of the Integumentary system. This will be completed by 31

st

of October for review.


Procedures

In order to complete the relevent investigation, the following procedures were implemented to obtain all the information in this report.

  • One source of research that was completed were notes from classes held by the tutor Elaine Donaldson
  • Online research from various sites which will be listed in the Bibliography.
  • Reading, Beauty Therapy, The Foundations : The Official Guide to Beauty Therapy Level Two by Lorraine Nordman.
  • Anatomy and Physiology, Therapy Basics (fourth edition) by Helen Mcguinness


Findings/Investiagtion


Structure Of The Integumentary System

There are 3 layers to the integumentary system (the skin) each with there own purpose and job to do in the running of the biggest organ’s in our body.  A fully grown adults skin can weigh up to 8 pounds (3.6kg) and stretch 22 square feet (2 square meters).  The skin is our bodies coveringand does a lot more than make us look presentable. In fact, without it, we’d literally evaporate.


Epidermis

The epidermis is the outer most layer of the skin and in this layer a lot happens and consists of 5 layers


Stratum Corneum

(cornified, horney layer)

This layer is formed from several layers, scale like flattend overlapping cells compiled of dead kertin. Keratin combined with lipid fats create a waterproof barrier protecting the skins surface from bacteria, reflect UVA light and protect us from enviromental factors.


Stratum Luicidum

(clear, transparent layer)

This layer is only found in the palms and the soles of the feet. The areas where no hair grows and thicker skin. The cells here have no nucleous (brain) and the clear liquid layer filled with a substance called eledin produced by the body as a further stage of keratinisation.This layer cushions and protects.


Stratum Granulosum

(the granuler layer)

This layer is composed of either one, two or three layers of flattend cells. The nucleous in this layer is beginning to break up as it moves up towards the stratum lucidium


Stratum Spinosum

(prickly layer)

This layer has 8 to 10 layers of keratinocytes formed as a result of cell division from the basal layer of the epidermis. This layer also has a dendtritic cell called langherhans cells which engulf foreign bacteria, particles and  damaged cells.


Stratum Germinitivium

(basal layer)

This layer is the deepest layer of the epidermus and connects to the dermis, it bonds to the dermis with collegen fibers called the basment memebrane. The dermal paillila is also located here, this increasing the strenth of the connection from the epidermis and the dermis.



Diagram 1: Layers of the Epidermis


Dermis

The dermis is the second layer of the integumentary system and is a thick layer of fiberous and elastic tissue made of mostly collegen and an important componant, though small of elastin. These componenets give the dermis its strength and flexability.

The dermis has 2 main layers the:

  • Papillary layer (the uppermost layer)
  • Reticular layer (the lower layer)

The dermis contains a lot of important structures and functions such as:

  • Sabaceous glands
  • Dermal papillia
  • Hair follicle
  • Hair bulb
  • Sweat glands
  • Sweat pores
  • Sensory nerves
  • Motor nerves
  • Lympathitic
  • Melanocytse
  • Blood vessels

Each function and structure playing an extremley important part in the running and maintenance of the human body, like a super-computer all components have to work in sync for optimal results.


Diagram 2: Image of the Dermis


Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

The subcutaneous layer or otherwise know as the hypo dermis is the third and bottom layer of the integumentary system.  This is the most widley distrubuted tissue for protecting the underlying tissues and organs, provides insulation and the bodies shock absorber from impacts. It consists mainly of adipose tissue and is the storage for most body fats. (see Diagram 2. for refrence to location)


Function Of The Integumentary System

The are seven main functions of the integumentary system, again each with there own purpose yet collectivly ensure smooth running of the system as a whole.


Sensation

This function is to do with the mass network or nerve cells in our skin to send and recive information.  The nerve endings in the skin help detect: hot, cold, pain, pressure and touch.


Heat Regulation

This function helps regulate tempreture by sweating or shivering via the sweat glands and hair. By releaseing sweat it starts to cool the body when to hot.  When cold we shiver activating the arrector pilli muscles trapping a layer of heat between the hairs to keep you warm.


Absorbtion

This function of the skin absorbs UVA (ultriviolet light) which help with the production of vitamin D.  Some creams and oils can be absorbed by the skin but due to the next function not a lot of these products will not make it through.


Protection

This function is called the acid mantle. The skin protects its self from to much UVA light with a pigment called melanin. The acid mantle creates a barrier over your skin to prevent bacteria and germs entering the skin. Without a protective barrier our skin would absorb everything including water becoming a sponge for everything.  The acid mantle is your water proof winter jacket for all year round.





Exccretion

This functions job is remove waste products and toxins from the body by realeasing them through the sweat glands.  Lymph nodes also release toxins from the body also.


Secretion

This function secretes sebum oil and sweat on the skins surface to lubricate and keep the skin soft.  When the sebum oil and sweat combines on the surface of the skin it creates the acid mantle.


Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurologial disease which effects the Central Nervous System (CNS) in the brain and spine. There are different stages of Multiple Scleorsis:

  • Relapsing – Remitting MS
  • Primary – Progressive MS
  • Secondary – Progressive MS
  • Progressive – Relapsing MS

Most common, being Relapsing remitting.

MS is a progressive, immune-mediated disorder, this means the system designed to keep your body healthy mistakenly attacks parts of your body that are vital to everyday function. The protective coverings of nerve cells are damaged, (demyelination) which leads to diminished function in the brain and spinal cord.

This disease effects the protective myelin sheath that covers and protects each nerve for efficiant relay of information from the brain and spine to the body as a whole. When the myelin sheath has been damaged it leave nerves exposed and interrupts the system of sending and receiving infromation from the brain.

Some of the common symptoms of MS:


Diagram 3. Image of Demyelination



Multiple Scelrosis and the Integumentary System

The integumentary system (nerve endings in the skin) is responsible for the function of sensation to pressure, pain, tempreture and touch. This system is your bodies defence system, your personal alarm so to speak.  Multiple Sclerosis and the demyelination process effects this system and function in the integumentary system leading to loss/alterd sensation and or strange sensations due to the missfire of the nerves and where the damage has been made.

Altered sensations depending on which part of the CNS has been damaged can occur in any part of the body, but most commonly in the legs, arms, face and torso, but may also include the genital area in both men and women.  It may occur on just one side of the body or on both sides.

Those diagnoised with MS describe sensation in many ways:

  • hot/burning
  • Tingly
  • Pins and needles
  • wet
  • Numbness
  • Prickling
  • Skin feels sensitive
  • Burning
  • Stabbing
  • Shooting like electricity
  • Itchy
  • Crawling

Each person is different and is affected in a different way (snowflake disease as not two patients are the same)


Treatment Plans/Lifestlye Changes

There are multiple treatments on the market for Multiple Sclerosis called DMTs (Disease Modifying Thearpy). And treatments to help a relapse.


Treatments for MS attacks/flare ups


  • Corticosteroids,

    such as oral prednisone and intravenous methylprednisolone, are prescribed to reduce nerve inflammation. Side effects may include insomnia, increased blood pressure, mood swings and fluid retention.

  • Plasma Exchange (plasmapheresis),

    the liquid portion of part of your blood (plasma) is removed and separated from your blood cells. The blood cells are then mixed with a protein solution (albumin) and put back into your body. Plasma exchange may be used if your symptoms are new, severe and haven’t responded to steroids.


Treatment options for relapsing-remitting MS include


:


  • Beta Interferons,

    These medications are among the most commonly prescribed medications to treat MS. They are injected under the skin or into muscle and can reduce the frequency and severity of relapses. Side effects of beta interferon’s may include flu-like symptoms and injection-site reactions.

You’ll need blood tests to monitor your liver enzymes because liver damage is a possible side effect of interferon use. People taking interferon’s may develop neutralizing antibodies that can reduce drug effectiveness.


  • Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus),

    this humanized immunoglobulin antibody medication is the only DMT approved by the FDA to treat both the relapse-remitting and primary progressive forms of MS. Clinical trials showed it reduced relapse rate in relapsing disease and slowed worsening of disability in both forms of the disease.

Ocrevus is given via an intravenous infusion by a medical professional. Side effects may infusion-related reactions including irritation at the injection site, low blood pressure, fever, and nausea among others. Ocrevus may also increase the risk of some types of cancer, particularly breast cancer.


  • Glatiramer Acetate (Copaxone)




    this medication may help block your immune system’s attack on myelin and must be injected beneath the skin. Side effects may include skin irritation at the injection site.

  • Dimethyl Fumarate (Tecfidera)




    this twice-daily oral medication can reduce relapses. Side effects may include flushing, diarrhoea, nausea and lowered white blood cell count.

  • Fingolimod (Gilenya)




    this once-daily oral medication reduces relapse rate. You need to have your heart rate monitored for six hours after the first dose because your heartbeat may be slowed. Other side effects include headache, high blood pressure and blurred vision.

  • Teriflunomide (Aubagio)




    this once-daily medication can reduce relapse rate. Teriflunomide can cause liver damage, hair loss and other side effects. It is harmful to a developing foetus and should not be used by women who may become pregnant and are not using appropriate contraception, or their male partner.

  • Natalizumab (Tysabri)

    – this medication is designed to block the movement of potentially damaging immune cells from your bloodstream to your brain and spinal cord. It may be considered a first line treatment for some people with severe MS or as a second line treatment in others. This medication increases the risk of a viral infection of the brain called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in some people.

  • Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada)




    This drug helps reduce relapses of MS by targeting a protein on the surface of immune cells and depleting white blood cells. This effect can limit potential nerve damage caused by the white blood cells, but it also increases the risk of infections and autoimmune disorders.

Treatment with alemtuzumab involves five consecutive days of drug infusions followed by another three days of infusions a year later. Infusion reactions are common with alemtuzumab. The drug is only available from registered providers, and people treated with the drug must be registered in a special drug safety monitoring program.


  • Mitoxantrone




    This immunosuppressant drug can be harmful to the heart and is associated with development of blood cancers. As a result, its use in treating MS is extremely limited. Mitoxantrone is usually used only to treat severe, advanced MS.


Life style changes

A diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis can be like loosing a loved one, just you have lost the person you were.  With the right help and medical team you can live a normal  life with adjustments such as healthy diets, physiotherapy, reduce or cut out any bad habits like smoking and consuming alcohol.  This in time will slow the proggession of the disease.  Daily living can become an issues, just bathing can be dangerous so using a reliable thermometer to regulate tempreture to not cause any burns.  Watching carefully while using sharp implements (your eyes will become your best friends) and avoiding treatments and activties where tempreture cannot be regulated.  Recommended to go out in the sun as Vitamin D is extremly important for people with this diagnosis and is thought to be one of the enviromental components or therefor lack of, that contributes to the diseases off set.


Bibliography



Websites


Images

  • fybo.biz
  • soratic.org
  • firstaidforfree.com

Case study. 150-200 words for each questions.

answering all the questions that appear at the end of each case. The format for the case studies is to have a cover page with your name, the case name, the date, the course name and a graphic if you so choose. Then type each question out before your answer. Each answer should be approximately 150- 200 words. I will review with the class briefly the proper APA method for writing to avoid any form of plagiarism. For each case study, Read the entire case and case relate questions that appear at the end. the proper format for each case study is to create a cover page with your name, the case name, the course name, and the date. On the following page type out each question and then your answer. Answer all questions. Please do these case study assignments in Microsoft Word, using a 12pt font and double spacing. When you are done with the case study analysis.each case study should be in file alone, which mean will be four file the totally, and at least 2200 words for all of them

Music Therapy Applications in Healthcare

Historically, music has always been a pathway to improve health and healing among people from around the world. Today, you will find it being used in multiple hospital settings as another therapeutic way to reduce physical and psychological problems of cancer patients. With the aid of a trained certified musical therapist, nurses provide musical therapy sessions that are customized and adapted to fit the special needs and abilities of its patients in order to maximize personal results. Supplemented with pharmaceuticals, a patient’s short- and long-term cancer treatments can benefit from music which strengthens a patient’s ability to cope with their disease process.

Cancer is a significant disease that creates a serious life event that is feared and causes stress to the patient and their families. In America, over “482, 543 deaths have occurred from cancer during first decade of the 21st century (******).” Patients with cancer suffer from anxiety, pain, and depression as they progress through traumatic medication therapies that often have side effects on the body and mind. They include symptoms of anorexia, weight loss, fatigue, constipation, headache, weak vitals, and lack of motivation.

Music therapy as a form of pain intervention is a growing discipline in today’s medical field. Worldwide, different models and practices consistently show music as is a painless, non-invasive, cost saving, and overall pleasant way to address holistic personal care. American Association of Music Therapy in music therapy as “an established health profession in which music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals.” (outcome of music, 2019)

There have been many studies that show its effectiveness in reduction of pain by alleviating patient anxiety and depression. Music has no limitation to its use, as patients of any age, setting, or degree of disease can benefit from it. Active engagement by pediatric patients show increased comfort in hospitalization, reduced pain, and coping skills. Music can improve coping and social integration. Improving quality of life is the main goal of music intervention in that it provides a way for all those to benefit without the fear of potential side effects.

For many people, music connects them to their emotions and is often a way to be socially connected. That is why music can be an effective form of therapy for people with cancer.

Increasing evidence, tolerability, ease of application and use, advantageous cost-benefit ratio, appreciation shown by patients support its continued research in the field.

Music therapy and its place in healthcare

Many claims that music has the power to heal and affect the human spirit in its application. Since the ancient times, pillars found in ancient Egypt, Greece, and China promote music as a way to create relaxation (*****). The use of music in Western medicine started to emerge in the United States by the late 1940s, as the need for holistic care in patient therapies was recognized to improve a patient and their quality of life. In conjunction with a pharmalogical treatment, applying musical therapy to those suffering from chronic pain, such as cancer patients, allowed a more integrated approach to enhancing the patient’s mental, spiritual, emotional self during a disruptive disease process.

Typically, music therapy has been most popular in clinical settings such as oncology, general surgery, geriatric treatments, and palliative care (Music Therapy, 2017). Working as part of a healthcare multidisciplinary team, a certified trained music therapist works with the nurse to develop an individualized experience custom suited to the patient’s level of needs and abilities. The goal is to utilize the healing aspect of music in order to reduce pain and anxiety of a slowly debilitating disease process and improve some the quality of life.

Cancer is a significant disease that can change a person’s life and creates an environment of stress for the individual and their family. Patients endure short- and long-term effects from their cancer treatments, as well as negative thoughts related to fear of death. With cancer, as the disease progresses, so does the patient’s pain. Over time, the pain becomes directly correlated with psychological and physiological deterioration, impairing their quality of life.


Studies suggest non pharmalogical interventions may influence a patient’s coping skills which can help modulate psychobiological impact of stress of current treatments, thus impacting the success of a long-term prognosis. Music therapy for the Cancer patient may provide the relief as a tool towards reducing anxiety, improving mood, and distraction from pain.

When used to reduce pain, Music therapy can offer a therapeutic option for medical purposes that is low risk, non-invasive, and cost effective. It would be utilized in conjunction with morphine or other painkillers as a strategy approach to holistic palliative care. “According to the American Music Therapy Association Music therapy uses music to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of patients of all ages and abilities. Music therapy interventions can be designed to promote wellness, manage stress, alleviate pain, express feelings, enhance memory, improve communication, and promote physical rehabilitation.”  Though studies are limited, there is evidence that somatic and psychological symptoms are positively affected when analyzing the level of pain perception after the music intervention. If combining both the holistic musical intervention with traditional treatments can produce positive reactions, then giving a patient a higher quality of life should be the goal.

Music Therapy as a Tool in Pain Relief

In a clinical setting, the effectiveness of MT based interventions will vary based on each cancer patient’s level of pain, anxiety, and depression. Even the most resilient individuals over time can be worn down by a life-threatening diagnosis. Mood is impacted Changes how patient copes with disease. So, then a Music therapist rained in areas of psychology, biology, and music theory would analyze the patient’s musical preferences, background, and efficacy of music. Nurses would be responsible for ensuring considerations of hearing disabilities, physical limitations, and pain assessment is considered before and after their patients’ participation.


Music has arousal regulating effect. Slow musical tempo helps lower heart rate, bp Faster increases vitals Personalize music choice Positive emotions

Memory retrieval tools, HR, BP, Respiration, Less pain levels

A MT session has many factors to consider. They can be done with one individual, or as a shared experience. It can be over a course of many sessions, or just one time. It can be live using instruments or played through a stereo. Single session of music therapy-the more a patient got, the more their quality of life improved even with a decline in physical health. ’Live music supports perception that live music increases perception of quality of life for those with end stage cancer, should be promoted and used more frequently.  Ability to elicit emotional responses: calm, excitement, alleviation, cheerfulness. Internections from psycho-acoustic phenomena and emotional responses through communication and evocation of emotions and its effect with different patients. It can also deflect attention with slow/fast temp, pitch changes, familiar timbres.

Two essential formats of music therapy involve the patient to be interactive or passive. In an interactive technique, the patient will be encouraged to sing, clap, or tap their feet to the music and even encouraged to play instruments, or use it with guided imagery and relaxation techniques. This type of improv allows for receptive engagement which can create a mood of peace, relaxation, and improve levels of comfort. In passive therapy, recorded music can include personal CD’s, live taped performances, and relaxation tunes. If used with relaxation techniques, its been shown that patients report muscle relaxation, and easement of signs and symptoms resulting from their invasive cancer treatments causing anxiety, nausea, and pain. Passive is more popular in a healthcare setting because it can easily be introduced into a clinical setting.

Afterwards, Nurses


assess and document the effect of music therapy based on patient feedback regarding their patient’s pain scores, and reduction of anxiety levels. Pain, anxiety, HR, BP, sedation Also noted is observed effects of the therapy on observable features, such as facial expression, and positive or negative outlook statement. The desired outcome should include less patient stress, a reduction in pain perception, and overall general wellness.

Music Therapy: Evaluating pain relief

Music therapy for cancer patients is effective because listening to music is makes people feel good. It is calming and can be relaxing. It provides patients an outlet to explore feelings of fear, anxiety, and anger as an emotional response to their cancer. Music creates a healing environment that distracts away from invasive, painful procedures, and even helps with communication and cooperation in the healthcare setting. Children are a specific demographic affected using music during cancer treatments. In a trial where children underwent a lumbar puncture procedure, those exposed to music reported less pain, anxiety, and felt calmer and more relaxed (MUSIC THERAPY: RELEVANCE IN ONCOLOGY).

MT interventions tx evaluates effectiveness of anxiety, depression, pain, quality of life

Nursing Integrate music with conventional interventions. A MT therapist Understand nature of musical sound to meet individual cancer patient needs and achieve affect. Advise and effectively integrate music. Pt preferences Specific types-cultural, classical, jazz, encourage patient to bring music from home/ No musical experience is required to participate. Interventions are only affected by personal influence of the patient preferred interventions. musical perspective, background, preference, and hearing ability.

Music provides recovery of self-identity, meaning, and coherence, musical empowerment to the everyday life of the individual patient with cancer Musical choice and content: Patient influenced music choice, individualized from patient needs Music from 4-5 music styles, genres, or general playlist recommended from therapist Purpose: target musical content: tempomelodic quality, instrumentation Patient brought personal selections of music

Patients encouraged to sing along Headphones used to remove distraction, improve concentration, audio quality better-earing problems can be an issue. Example: Patients in chemo, SE nausea, breathing issues, flu sx, experience stress, loneliness, fear. Music listening helps distract from discomfort from tx, cope with stress levels.

Recorded music Self reflecting inner musical experience Supported with verbal relaxation, guided imagery, mood matching Anxiety Description of interventions were subjective. Key phrases from “patients: familiar, soothing, predictable, and relaxing.”

Mood: Depression, spirit, distress, quality of life, relaxation Studies suggest music can relieve anxiety and pain Most well documented mode is passive listening to recorded music single session

Cultural considerations of MT therapy

The power of music to heal has been documented in all parts of the world across traditions and generations. To employ music is to support human interaction between those involved, creating a sense of community within a therapeutic context. This type of group belonging through musical collaboration and interaction from family and medical staff allows an insight into specific cultural and social backgrounds. Music therapy stresses importance of relationship between patient and nurse in such that sessions cannot be ordinarily standardized. It has to consider an individual case by case balanced consideration regarding the rationale and the content exposure of the unique complex music field.

The Cultural perception of music has to consider patient identity related to their personal background, economic, and social factors. Patients from India may prefer traditional Indian raga Anandabhairavi Veena and flute instruments. The range is limitless to the variety of music, from traditional Celtic melodies, Chinese fold music, to Taiwanese folk songs. Dying patients may be comforted by songs vigil sacred song played by harp to invoke imagery of individual perspective” of the musical environment has great impact on how we respond to music and which music we prefer (********).

Conclusion

In today’s world, cancer is on the rise, so finding ways to improve a patient’s quality of life as they face this disease is important. Music therapy has been a long standing, non-invasive modality that is cost effective without resulting in damaging side effects. Its purpose is not to heal, but to provide a sense of comfort, alleviate physical symptoms of stress, and provide a coping process that is individualized to the patient’s needs and abilities. Many hospitals utilize music therapy as a complementary adjunct, recommending it to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Further studies will be needed to support its use how music influences positive outcomes.

There Needs to be more interest in the field of MT because there is limited numbers of research regarding its effectiveness in the field. Overall, the support seems positive, which is consistent other research, and can suggest that its use is beneficial as an intervention for cancer patient.

It is not the music but the specific qualities of the therapy that improves its efficacy

The treatment involves overall care of pt well-being, Studies are lack standardization of interventions, assessments, but offers further development and improvement, suggesting importance of building more studies Recommendation: emphasize importance of intervention on anxiety, depressive, pain sx, quality of life.

Music offers range of benefits to address physical, emotional, social, existential needs

Musical activities many can take place in clinical setting-wide variety. Music used relieve stress, fear of hospitalization Supports patients at stages of disease, promote patient wellness, emotional well-being, and improve overall quality of life. Music therapies aim to meet patient needs during their diagnosis, tx, and can be practiced in groups or individually.

Promotes relaxation, reduce anxiety and stress, relieves discomfort, reduce patient experience of pain, Tx related symptoms, Opportunities for self-expression and positive experiences, though more studies are recommended on how music therapy number of music studies, music varieties, and durations on cancer pain and its acceptability in consideration towards future applications.

References

  • Gramaglia, C., Gambaro, E., Vecchi, C., Licandro, D., Raina, G., Pisani, C., … Zeppegno, P. (2019). Outcomes of music therapy interventions in cancer patients—A review of the literature.

    Critical Reviews in Oncology / Hematology

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    138

    , 241–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.04.004
  • Jespersen, K., Vuust, P., Abildgaard, N., Gram, J., & Johansen, C. (2018). [Review of

    Kind of blue: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of music interventions in cancer treatment

    ].

    Psycho – Oncology

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    27

    (2), 386–400.

    https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4470
  • Jasemi, M., Aazami, S., & Zabihi, R. E. (2016). The Effects of Music Therapy on Anxiety and Depression of Cancer Patients.

    Indian journal of palliative care

    ,

    22

    (4), 455–458. doi:10.4103/0973-1075.191823
  • Krishnaswamy, P., & Nair, S. (2016). Effect of Music Therapy on Pain and Anxiety Levels of Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study.

    Indian journal of palliative care

    ,

    22

    (3), 307–311. doi:10.4103/0973-1075.185042
  • Music Therapy: Relevance in Oncology. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2019, from https://www.ascopost.com/issues/july-25-2017/music-therapy-relevance-in-oncology/.
  • Stanczyk M. M. (2011). Music therapy in supportive cancer care.

    Reports of practical oncology and radiotherapy: Journal of Great Poland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology

    ,

    16

    (5), 170–172. doi:10.1016/j.rpor.2011.04.005

  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3863265/pdf/main.pdf

Care Of The Aging Population

 

The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA), also known as the Nursing Home Reform Act of 1987, has dramatically improved the quality of care in the nursing home over the last twenty years by setting forth federal standards of how care should be provided to residents. 

This Act is interpreted with the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (42 CFR Part 483). Such improvements include less use of antipsychotic drugs, a reduction in chemical and physical restraint use, and a reduction in inappropriate use of indwelling urinary catheters.

Mandates

The quality of care mandates contained within OBRA, and the regulations, require that a nursing home must provide services and activities to attain or maintain the highest practicable physical, mental, and psychosocial well-being of each resident in accordance with a written plan of care. 

In order to participate in Medicare and Medicaid programs, nursing homes must be in compliance with the federal requirements for nursing homes.

The mandates of OBRA are regarded in the nursing home setting to represent minimum accepted standards of care. The failure of a nursing home to comply with the OBRA quality of care mandates in caring for a resident represents a failure to exercise the degree of reasonable care and skill that should be expected.

Penalties

The Indiana State Department of Health is responsible for ensuring that nursing homes follow these mandates through the state survey process. The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and the states may apply penalties against nursing homes for failure to meet the minimum standard of care as defined in the OBRA regulations. 

Such penalties may include fines, appointment of administrative consultants to run the nursing home while deficiencies are remedied, and even closure of a nursing home.

  • Residents must be assessed to identify their medical problems and their abilities to perform basic self-care activities. The DHHS established a uniform data set, referred to as the minimum data set (MDS), to document this assessment.
  • The nursing home is responsible for the safety of each resident. This includes being responsible for orders written by the resident’s primary physician or other medical provider. If the physician writes an order that does not comply with the federal regulations, the nursing home is responsible for making sure the physician changes such order. The mere presence of a physician’s inappropriately written order does not absolve the nursing home of responsibility in providing safe care.
  • Provide services that will enhance each resident’s quality of life to its fullest (42 CFR §483.15).
  • Maintain the dignity and respect of each resident (42 CFR §483.15).
  • Develop a comprehensive care plan for each resident (42 CFR §483.20).
  • Conduct a comprehensive and accurate assessment of each resident’s overall health upon admission and at each required interval (42 CFR §483.20).
  • Prevent a decline in activity of daily living (ADL) activities, including the ability to eat, toilet, bathe and walk. Staff must provide for ADL care when necessary (42 CFR §483.25).
  • Prevent the development of pressure sores, and if a resident has pressure sores, provide the necessary treatment and services to promote healing, prevent infection, and prevent new sores from developing (42 CFR §483.25).
  • Provide appropriate care to those who have urinary incontinence and restore bladder function if possible. This also includes only using urinary catheters when appropriate as outlined in the regulations to prevent adverse consequences related to such use (42 CFR §483.25).
  • Prevent accidents, including falls, accidental poisonings and other incidents that could cause injuries (42 CFR §483.25).
  • Maintain adequate nutrition to prevent unnecessary weight loss (42 CFR §483.25).
  • Provide each resident with sufficient fluid intake to prevent dehydration (42 CFR §483.25).
  • Ensure that residents are free from significant medication errors (42 CFR §483.25).
  • Have sufficient nursing staff (42 CFR §483.30).
  • Ensure that each resident’s rights to choose activities, schedules, and health care are maintained (42 CFR §483.40).
  • Provide pharmaceutical (medication) services to appropriately meet the physical and psychological needs of each resident (42 CFR §483.60).
  • Maintain accurate, complete, and easily accessible clinical records for each resident (42 CFR §483.75).

CASE STUDY: Mrs. J is repeatedly asking for a nurse; other patients are complaining, and you simply cannot be available to Mrs. J for long periods.  Considering the setting and the OBRA guidelines, what would you do to manage the situation? 

Describe a theory clearly, which is consistent with the development of this curriculum component.

Describe a theory clearly, which is consistent with the development of this curriculum component.

The final step in the course project is to create a curriculum component that is consistent with your educational philosophy and includes the concept you described in the second component of the project. For this assignment, you will select one nursing theory or model to guide the development of the content of this component.

A curriculum component can be a lesson (class period), an activity, a unit of study, or an entire course. You can select anything within a curriculum of interest to you. To make the project more manageable, consider selecting something with a small and well-defined scope.

In your paper, you will:

Provide a succinct description of the curriculum component.
Demonstrate consistency between the philosophy, concept, and curriculum application.
Describe a theory clearly, which is consistent with the development of this curriculum component.
Demonstrate an understanding of theory and concept analysis in application to a nursing curriculum.
Other Requirements
Following are the requirements for this paper:

Length of paper: 3–5 pages, not including the title page or references section.
Format of paper: In addition to the narrative, you may use tables or other types of graphics to help clarify information.
References: Include a minimum of five peer-reviewed references.
Written communication: Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.
APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to APA sixth edition guidelines.

clearly identify the following sections:
1)Provides a succinct description of the curriculum component, and provides accurate, quality details and references.

2)Demonstrates consistency between the philosophy, concept, and curriculum application, and provides clarifying examples.

3)Describes a theory clearly, which is consistent with the development of the curriculum component and provides accurate, quality details and references.

4)Demonstrates an in-depth understanding of theory and concept analysis in application to a nursing curriculum and provides accurate, quality details and references.

5)Consistently communicates through scholarly writing that is concise, balanced, and organized, flows with smooth transitions between ideas, and demonstrates critical analysis of the literature.

you must Consistently communicates through scholarly writing that demonstrates mastery of APA sixth edition style and formatting, is free of errors, and follows all assignment instructions.

Post a summary of a specific change within an organization b)describe the impact of this change on your role and responsibilities. c) Explain the rationale for the change d) whether or not the intended outcomes have been met. e) Assess the management of the change.

Post a summary of a specific change within an organization b)describe the impact of this change on your role and responsibilities. c) Explain the rationale for the change d) whether or not the intended outcomes have been met. e) Assess the management of the change.

 

a)Post a summary of a specific change within an organization b)describe the impact of this change on your role and responsibilities. c) Explain the rationale for the change d) whether or not the intended outcomes have been met. e) Assess the management of the change. f) propose suggestions for how the process could have been improved.
As a nurse leader, you need to have the skills and knowledge to collaborate and communicate with those who plan for and manage change. This capacity is valuable in any health care setting and for many different types of change. Furthermore, it is essential to be able to evaluate a change effort and determine if it is promoting improved outcomes and making a positive difference within the department or unit, or for the organization as a whole.
To prepare:
Review Chapters 7 and 8 in the course text. Focus on the strategies for planning and implementing change in an organization, as well as the roles of nurses, managers, and other health care professionals throughout this process.
Reflect on a specific change that has recently occurred in your organization or one in which you have worked previously. What was the catalyst or purpose of the change?
How did the change affect your job and responsibilities?
Consider the results of the change and whether or not the intended outcomes have been achieved.
Was the change managed skillfully? Why or why not? How might the process have been improved?
Required Readings
Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2015). Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application (8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
Review Chapter 7, Strategic and Operational Planning
Chapter 8, Planned Change

This chapter explores methods for facilitating change and the theoretical underpinnings of implementing effective change
McAlearney, A., Terris, D., Hardacre, J., Spurgeon, P. Brown, C., Baumgart, A., NystrÇôm, M. (2014). Organizational coherence in health care organizations: Conceptual guidance to facilitate quality improvement and organizational change. Quality Management in Health Care, 23(4), 254 -267 doi: 10.1097/QMH.0b013e31828bc37d

An international group of investigators explored the issues of organizational culture and Quality Improvement (QI) in different health care contexts and settings. The aim of the research was to examine if a core set of organizational cultural attributes are associated with successful QI systems.
Mitchell, G. (2013). Selecting the best theory to implement planned change. Nursing Management – UK, 20(1), 32 -37. doi: 10.7748/nm2013.04.20.1.32.e1013
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Shirey, M. R. (2013). Lewin’s Theory of Planned Change as a strategic resource. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 43(2), 69 -72. doi:10.1097/NNA.0b013e31827f20a9
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.Currently 1 writers are viewing this order