Can someone do my week 5 assignment in organizational change | MGT 435 Organizational Change | Ashford University

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Final Paper

Think of an organization you have worked for or one with which you are very familiar.  Diagnose the need for change and present a plan to transform the organization, utilizing Kotter’s 8-Step Approach. You will need to research the Kotter 8 Step Change Model extensively. You are encouraged to first review the Kotter’s Eight Step Leading Change Model (Links to an external site.) article. You may select any organization or department where you work or where you have previously worked; however, you are strongly encouraged to diagnose one problem area in the company. Attempting to diagnose an entire company is not feasible, and you will become bogged down.

If you choose a company similar to Walmart to analyze, select just one area that you think needs improvement. For example, Walmart is now very strong in online shopping, yet there are still glitches in the system. Delivery times are often late, the packaging method has problems, and some products come from unknown vendors that Walmart does not guarantee. We may know this from personal experience, but that is not enough. Statements, opinions, and experiences must be supported with valid sources. There are many articles online that you can review easily and quickly.

Your sources for this paper must include research for the company you choose, a valid source for the Kotter model, and your textbook. You are encouraged to read as many articles as you can find and contact the University of Arizona Global Campus librarians for guidance. There is bias, missing or incorrect information, and contradictory material in most Internet material. The amount of material can be confusing, but wade through it and question everything.

Include the following sections headings and additional sections as needed:

Introduction

Company Overview

Diagnosis

Kotter’s 8-Step Approach

Conclusion

The Final Paper for the course must be submitted to the instructor by 11:59 p.m. of the time zone in which you reside on the last day of the class.

Writing the Final Paper

The Final Paper

Must be eight to ten double-spaced pages in length (not counting the title page and references) and formatted according to APA Style (Links to an external site.) resource.

Must include a title page with the following:

Title of paper

Student’s name

Course name and number

Instructor’s name

Date submitted

For further assistance with the formatting and the title page, refer to APA Formatting for Word 2013 (Links to an external site.).

Must include an introduction and conclusion paragraph. Your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper.

Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.

Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.

Must use at least five scholarly sources in addition to the course text.

Must document any information used from sources in APA Style as outlined in the University of Arizona Global Campus Writing Center’s APA: Citing Within Your Paper (Links to an external site.) guide.

Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA Style as outlined in the University of Arizona Global Campus Writing Center. See the APA: Formatting Your References List (Links to an external site.) resource in the University of Arizona Global Campus Writing Center for specifications.

Carefully review the Grading Rubric  (Links to an external site.)for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.

Team Building and Leadership Self Assessment Paper

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First of all I would like to thank Prof. Bob Marx for his valuable efforts, kindness and time over the 3 days of marvelous journey together.

Objective of this paper

Through this paper I am trying to describe my job related problem and implement either Four Frame Approach or Situational Leadership Theory to improve it. In the end I will draw conclusions from there.

Description of Situation

The industry in today’s world is growing quickly, and with this increase comes the necessity for more people to manage and lead the growing companies, but this growing need give rise to some prospective questions: Is anyone capable of becoming a leader or a manager? Is there any difference among the two? Can people be taught to have leadership or managerial qualities? Just like many other questions in business; these questions have no one definite answer.

I work in a Multi National Company. The company is considered one of the world leaders in automotive products. I work in the Research and Development center of the company and occupy the post of R & D laboratory engineer in the Electronic Laboratory. Our laboratory deals in the Validation and Development of automotive products.

We are a team of 4 members (Refer Figure 1) who work on different projects. Both personally and professionally we share a healthy relationship and try to maintain a good and positive work environment. The strong point of our team is that we share the burden of work amongst us and help each other when the situation demands. We acknowledge the concept of teamwork and its importance to the success of our team. However, all of us together are still striving towards perfection.

The principal problem is the low motivation of our team, may be it’s primarily because there is no positive communication with our manager. There is neither any feedback nor any assessment of task. He notices good performance but wait until half yearly performance review to express his appreciation. In an effort to achieve good results or meet deadline, he has forgotten about the finer behaviors that make the team better. It’s lucid that for a manager it’s extremely important to be result oriented but at the same time it’s very important to keep the environment positive.

A team means group of people, contributing their knowledge and skills, working together to achieve a common goal. But when a team doesn’t perform efficiently it’s not merely the fault of manager of the team as a whole. We should never forget that there are always two parts to a coin. Now I would like to describe the behavior of my other team members including myself.

I am the part of this laboratory from last 3 years. In this past three years I have worked on numerous projects. I am very dedicated and focused towards my work. I hardly ever need any direction from my manager but sometimes a little guidance is required. But every now and then I lose the motivation towards my work due to no feedback and no encouragement.

The second lab engineer is a hard working and self directed person. He is working for the company for last 6 years. Since he follows the same monotonous routine for past 6 years, he gets bored with every task assigned. He also shows lack of interest in the work; however he works well with the team.

The third lab engineer is a new team member. She is a contractor and has joined our team few months back. Her ambition is to get hired in the organization. She is enthusiastic and eager to learn new things, and always do her tasks well but at the same time relatively less skilled and inexperienced. I also find her sensitive and self critical. She takes things to heart and gets disappointed when things go wrong and then start criticizing the situation.

The lack of communication with manager and no individual growth of the group are becoming the important factors for our team ineffectiveness.

A new approach to problem solving

My seminar on Team Building and Leadership taught me two different approaches of solving the problems. Four Frames Approach and Situational Leadership Theory are tools if used appropriately can help solve most of the professional and personal problems. Before this class I didn’t even know if such type of tools existed. I am choosing Situational Leadership Theory for managing my job-related problem. I am trying to understand strengths and weaknesses of my each team member’s leadership style.

Situational Leadership (SLII) suggests that leaders can work in any situation by adapting their behavior accordingly i.e. they should exhibit different behavior as per the situation and it should match the developmental level of the team performing a specific task. Different situations called for different kinds or styles of leadership. SLII defines 4 leadership behaviors: S1 (high-directive but low-supportive), S2 (high-directive and high-supportive), S3 (low-directive but high supportive) and S4 (low-directive and low-supportive) and equally 4 development levels of the follower: D1 (low-competence but high-commitment), D2 (moderate-competence but low-commitment), D3 (moderate-competence but no commitment) and D4 (high-competence and high-commitment).

In the next table (Refer Figure 2) I have matched the leadership behavior levels and development levels of my team members:

Plan of Action

After studying acutely for few days the strengths and weaknesses of my team mates, I decided to apply the Situational Leadership Theory into Action. It was tricky to decide from where to start but I went with my intuition and asked my manager for a meeting.

In the meeting I started by explaining him about the Situational Leadership Theory. I drew a chart by explaining the 4 leadership styles and 4 development levels. During the course of meeting, I outlined him at which developmental level we four are and asked him what he felt about it.

I emphasized about the importance of giving feedback and providing encouragement, reassurance, support and admiration to acknowledge competence. I acknowledged him for his zeal to achieve the results but at the same time pointed out its drawbacks on the team members. In the end it was discussed that how we can help each other towards achieving same goals.

We decided to have a team meeting. In the meeting we discussed about the situation and the SLII theory in detail. I provided them with my feedback on the situation. We shared each other’s point of view and suggested the ways to make our goal more interesting. We decided that everyone should make an action plan on how to achieve that goal together.

My team manager than have one on one meeting with three of us. During our meeting, he valued my coming forward and briefing him on the situation. He appreciated my dedication to work and affirmed me that from now on he will give us the feedbacks regularly. We even talked about my lack of confidence in some tasks and how I can improve it. He recognized that he also needs to improve in some areas. I don’t know what he discussed with my team members but I can feel an improved environment than before.

Conclusions

It’s still too early to tell that if the SLII theory had solved the difficulty of our team. But it’s has definitely helped. And that’s a really good start. I can see the improvement in our work and even in myself. I think it’s better to say that SLII is not just a theory but a model which when applied correctly can yield enhancing results.

Self Assessment Paper

Managing, understanding, motivation – focused on others or yourself – are lot more efficient when you understand yourself, and the people you seek to motivate. Understanding personality is also the key to unlock inexpressible human qualities, e.g. leadership, empathy and motivation, whether your purpose is self-development or helping others.

With 7 main goals we started our 3 days of beautiful journey on Team Building and Leadership seminar. The principal goals were to learn about myself and my strengths, my growing edge and about each other so we can work together as a high performance team. These goals were well accomplished as the seminar helped me to know more about my elusive qualities and others’ emotions. It made me realize that I should spend more time in building my strength rather than remedying my weaknesses. In this assignment paper I am going to assess myself on the four main topics of seminar:

Emotional Intelligence: Emotional intelligence is the ability, capacity or the skill that influence one’s ability to succeed in coping with environmental demands and pressures. It includes the ability to motivate oneself and persist even when one is frustrated, to control one’s impulses and delay gratification, to regulate the mood and keep distress from overwhelming the thinking ability, to empathize with others and to hope. Its structure is divided into Personal Competence (Self Awareness and Self Management) and Social Competence (Social Awareness and Relationship Management).

With the help of EI Self Assessment questionnaire (Pg 17-20 of the booklet) I interpreted that I have the capacity to correctly manage my emotions and feelings but I lacked in self motivation. I am good in sharing the problems of anyone but I am afraid of taking the risks. The seminar helped me to know my strength’s and limits. It helped me realise my capabilities and self confidence. It prepared me to be flexible in handling changes and to react efficiently in pressure situations. The self believe and confidence of Jennifer Connelly in the movie ‘A Beautiful Mind’ taught me that one should not be afraid of taking risks and initiatives. When one person hesitates because he feels inferior, the other is busy making mistakes and becoming superior. (Henry C. LINK)

Team Building Skills: I was once told that teamwork depends on the performance of every single member on the team. I had trouble understanding it until I was shown how the office computer performs when just one key is out of order. That one key destroys the effectiveness of the computer. Now I know that even though I am only one person, I am needed or essential for the success and fulfilment of the team.

Everyone work, think and act in unique ways. A principal reason why teams struggle is due to different styles and approaches to work. It is very difficult to work efficiently in a team without knowing what your style of work. Once you know your style, it is equally important to recognize the strengths and weaknesses of other members.

At my work, we are team of 4 members. We trust each other and we work together to achieve a common objective. I learned, from the game which we played last day, that to accomplish a goal we always have to work in accordance with a plan. After the group discussion and feedback, I realized that I was contributing actively in the team and offering the solutions. Everyone was equally focused to win. In the end I was happy to share the responsibility for my team’s loss and to get the positive feedback about my role.

Situational Leadership: It states that the effectiveness of a leader depends upon how much his leadership style is suited to the characteristics of his group and the nature of the group task. It’s a contingency theory that concentrates on team readiness; the more ready the team the less the need for leader support and supervision.

The case studies and the questionnaire which we responded in the seminar affirmed me that I have D3 developmental level and I have S3 leadership skills. I knew that I am capable of performing any task but at the same time I am doubtful of my own abilities. The seminar made me realize that I should not be afraid of doing things my way and taking things at my own pace because life is not about giving all or nothing; give what you can. It made me to push myself farther than I thought I could go. I learned a lot about myself and having a blast. I used situational leadership theory to improve my work related problem. I can feel the improvement at my work and the changes in myself.

The Four Frames: Just getting the people in the team is not good enough. They have to be told what the goal is. A team consists of different individuals. The objective is to make them all work together like a fist, like a team. This is the job of manager to recognize the major constituencies and to manage conflict as productively as possible. A manager needs a wide range of ways of seeing – frames. Frames are the set of assumptions that one carry in head; helps negotiate a particular territory. Reframing is an ability to understand and use multiple perspectives. There are four different frames for Leadership: Structural Frame (how to organize); Human Resource Frame (how to tailor organizations to satisfy human needs); Political Frame (how to cope with power and conflict) and Symbolic Frame (how to shape a culture that gives purpose & meaning to work).

I still remember Timothy said in seminar that any frame if applied efficiently can solve any problem. But on the contrary, I think that all four frames support each other. The biggest example is RFK High School Case. The situation of the school demands the application of each and every frame to improve problems. Even David King at the end of the day structured everything into four frames.

With the help of questionnaire on Leadership Orientations (Pg 22 of the booklet), I recognized that I belong to Human Resource Frame (HR). I am a good listener and my strongest point is interpersonal skills. I am concerned about people and share their feelings. I care and support others and try to keep everyone involved.

Conclusions

Personally I feel that all the goals of the seminar were entirely accomplished. I learned a lot about myself, my elusive strengths and my weaknesses. I got to know my classmates well and now I am optimistic that we can all work together efficiently in our future projects. I had a lot of fun and it was a fantastic experience. I enjoyed a lot while playing different games and challenged myself to win them. I really appreciated the portrait of David King played by my class mates and that of Chauncey played by Bob. This seminar taught me a lot and it has definitely exceeded my expectation. It was an unforgettable and lifetime experience for me. The seminar changed my vision toward many things. My warm regards and thanks to Professor Bob.

Case Study – Self Care. (Week 8)

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Theory of Dependent-Care

This case study documents an ongoing interaction between a wife and her husband who live in a spacious home in a gated community.

When Dan (now 80) and Jane (now 65) began dating more than 15 years ago, both were emotionally charged to begin their lives anew. Well-educated and financially secure, they had a lot in common. Dan was a protestant minister, and Jane’s deceased husband had been a protestant minister. Both had lost their spouses. Jane’s first husband had suffered a catastrophic cerebral aneurysm 2 years earlier. Dan had conducted the funeral service for Jane’s husband. Dan’s wife had died of terminal cancer a little over a year earlier. Dan’s first wife had been a school counselor; Jane was a school teacher. Both had children in college. They shared a love for travel. Dan was retired but continued part-time employment, and Jane planned to continue teaching to qualify for retirement. Both were in great health and had more than adequate health benefits. Within the year they were married. Summer vacations were spent snorkeling in Hawaii, mountain climbing in national parks, and boating with family. After 7 years, Dan experienced major health problems: a quadruple cardiac bypass surgery, followed by surgery for pancreatic cancer. Jane’s plans to continue working were dropped so she could assist Dan to recover and then continue to travel with him and enjoy their remaining time together. Dan did recover—only to begin to exhibit the early signs and symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. One of the early signs appeared the previous Christmas as they were hanging outdoor lights. To Jane’s dismay, she noted that Dan could not follow the sequential directions she gave him. As time passed, other signs appeared, such as some memory loss and confusion, frequent repeating of favorite phrases, sudden outbursts of anger, and decreased social involvement. Assessments resulted in the diagnosis of early Alzheimer’s disease. Dan was prescribed Aricept, and Jane began to prepare herself to face this new stage of their married life. She read literature about Alzheimer’s disease avidly and organized their home for physical and psychological safety. A kitchen blackboard displayed phone numbers and the daily schedule. Car keys were appropriately stowed. It was noted that she began to savor her time with Dan. Just sitting together with him on the sofa brought gentle expressions to her face. They continued to attend church services and functions but stopped their regular swims at their exercise facility when Dan left the dressing room naked one day. Within the year, Jane’s retired sister and brother-in-law relocated to a home a short walk from Jane’s. Their intent was to be on call to assist Jane in caring for Dan. Dan and Jane’s children did not live nearby so could only assist occasionally. As Dan’s symptoms intensified, a neighbor friend, Helen, began to relieve Jane for a few hours each week. At this time, Jane is still the primary dependent-care agent. She prides herself in mastering a dual shower; she showers Dan in his shower chair first, and then, while she showers, he sits on the nearby toilet seat drying himself. Her girlfriends suggested that this was material for an entertaining home video! Although Jane is cautious in her care for Dan, she often drives a short distance to her neighborhood tennis court for brief games with friends or spends time tending the lovely gardens she and Dan planted. During these times, she locks the house doors and leaves Dan seated in front of the television with a glass of juice. She watches the time and returns home midway through the hour to check on Dan. On one occasion when she forgot to lock the door while she was gardening, Dan made his way to the street, lost his balance, reclined face-first in the flower bed, and was discovered by a neighbor. Jane has given up evenings out and increased her favorite pastime of reading. Her days are filled with assisting Dan in all of his activities of daily living. And, often, her sleep is interrupted by Dan’s wandering throughout their home. At times, when the phone rings, Dan answers and tells callers Jane is not there. Jane, only in the next room, informs him “Dan, I am Jane.” Friends are saddened by Dan’s decline and concerned with the burdens and limitations Jane has assumed as a result of Dan’s dependency.

  

Explain Imogene King’s theory and how does it applies to your nursing profession? Minimum of 150 words

The Risk Factor of Age on Ovarian Cancer

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Abstract

This research paper explores one risk factor of ovarian cancer, expose the pathogenesis of age correlation with ovarian cancer, state the risk factors’ effects on epigenetics,  as well as to emphasis on methods of detection and prevention.  It is usually not possible to know the exact reason of  why one person develops cancer and others do not.  However, studies have examined the reasoning for why certain risk factors may increase or decrease a person’s chances of developing cancer. A few important reasons such as, a person’s lifestyle behaviors, environmental and dietary factors and occupational exposure are contributed to the number of cancer cases and deaths (Huether & McCance, 2017). Research conducted by the American Cancer Society states that age is the most dominant risk factor for ovarian cancer (Ovarian cancer risk factors.2018).


Keywords:

ovarian cancer, risk factor, age, prevention

A risk factor can be defined as anything or something that changes an indiviudals chance of getting a disease such as cancer (Tew & Fleming, 2015). A more complex definition of a risk factor suggest that all cancers have originated from both the environment and genetics of an individual. This means that there are both external factors as well as internal genetic changes that can play a role in the reason humans develop cancer (Huether & McCance, 2017). Since there is so many different types of cancers out there, there is no single reason for why someone gets cancer. However, there is much research stating that there is common key associations with the causes of cancer. Cancer is a term for diseases which means that abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues (Huether & McCance, 2017). Furthermore, cancer cells can also spread to other parts if the body through the blood and lymph system. This research is sought to examine one risk factor of ovarian cancer, expose the pathogenesis of age correlation with ovarian cancer, state the risk factors’ effects on epigenetics,  as well as to emphasis on methods of detection and prevention.

One key association is age and the correlation with numerous types of cancer, explicitly in regards to ovarian cancer. In 2017, around 22,440 women in the United States have been diagnosed with ovarian cancer and about 14,080 unfortunately have died from this type of cancer (Tortorella & Vizzielli,). Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries. There are over 30 kinds of ovarian cancer and they are classified by the cell type from which they begin (Tew & Fleming, 2015). The ovaries are made up of three types of cells; epithelial tumors, stromal tumors and germ cell tumors. The most common types of ovarian cancers come from epithelial tumors. Roughly about 90 percent of ovarian cancers are epithelial tumors which form on the outer layer of the ovaries (Tew & Fleming, 2015).

Statistics have shown that the number of older women with ovarian cancer is rapidly increasing and around half of these patients are over the age of 65 years (Tortorella & Vizzielli, ). A longitudinal study was conducted on 49, 932 women with ovarian cancer diagnosed from 1975 to 2011, and the results showed that for women with stage III and IV tumors, excess mortality is much greater for older women (Tew & Fleming, 2015). Among all stages, survival decreased with increasing age and with time since diagnosis. The decrease in relative survival was more common for women with advanced-stage tumors (Tortorella & Vizzielli, ). The reason of poorer prognosis of older patients is not well explained; a number of factors may influence the outcome. It has been showed that increasing age is associated with more advanced stage at diagnosis and increase rate of mortality (Pal & Tyler, 2016).

The number of elderly people diagnosed with cancer and living with cancer is expected to grow in the oncoming decades due to longer life expectancy and increased survival (Tew & Fleming, 2015). Women of the older generation tend to be more commonly undertreated meaning that they receive less chemotherapy and surgery even though this is technically considered to be the optimal treatment for these patients (Tew & Fleming, 2015). This may be predominantly due to minimal amounts of evidence behind this as well as the physician’s assurance about the overall administration of elderly women who have ovarian cancer (Tortorella & Vizzielli, ). This emphasizes the importance of more research conducted with the elderly population to help further knowledge into creating more treatment and management plans for these patients.

When thinking about what the definition of “aging” truly means, it can sometimes be difficult to set a specific definition to it. To sum it all up, aging basically means it is the process of becoming older in which it is a biological process and environmental factors also play a role as well. There are many different consequences that come with aging, especially one’s health (Pal & Tyler, 2016). Epigenetic alterations serve as one extremely important mechanism behind the functions distinguished during aging and in age-related disorders (Pal & Tyler, 2016). Epigenetics serve as the opposite genetic mechanisms that occur without any adjustment of the underlying DNA sequence (Pal & Tyler, 2016). Epigenetic changes are stemmed from a nature influence or by external or internal influences. Many scientists claim that epigenetics may serve as the missing piece when explaining the pattern of aging and the difference genetically between two identical people (e.g., identical twins) (Pashayan, Reisel, & Widschwendter, 2016).  Different environmental conditions can cause differential alterations of stored epigenetic information to create vastly difference in physical appearance, even though these two individuals have identical DNA content (Pashayan, Reisel, & Widschwendter, 2016). Therefore, examining and comprehending the epigenetic changes that happen during aging is a crucial continuous area of study, that may possibly lead the way to the development of therapeutic approaches to slow down the aging process and age-related diseases (Pal & Tyler, 2016).

According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) the National Cancer Institute program, ovarian cancer is the 11th most frequent cancer among women, the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death among women, and is the deadliest of gynecologic cancers. Further statistical research from the American Cancer Society has shown that the mortality rates for Caucasian women are somewhat higher than African-American women (Ovarian cancer risk factors.2018). For women aged 55-64 years have the highest rates of being diagnosed with ovarian cancer (Ovarian cancer risk factors.2018). Furthermore, survival rates for ovarian cancer is much lower than other cancers that affect women (Ovarian cancer risk factors.2018). The survival rates vary enormously depending on the stage of the diagnosis, which incline means women diagnosed at an early stage (before the cancer has spread) have a much higher chance of survival rate than those diagnosed at a later stage (Tew & Fleming, 2015).

Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment or pharmaceutical drug that can delay or completely stop the biological aging process (Pal & Tyler, 2016). However, there are many methods for prevention that may help try to decrease one’s chances of getting ovarian cancer from the risk factor of undergoing the inevitable aging process. One vital method for prevention is participating in a healthy lifestyle which consists of consuming the proper nutrition and exercising regularly. According to the National Resource Center on Nutrition, Physical Activity can help an individual’s body from aging quickly. Many people are unaware the importance of living a healthy lifestyle. Statistics have shown that, 1 in 4 Americans of the older generations  have poor nutrition. Malnutrition puts you at risk of becoming overweight or underweight, which needs to be stressed more to people of all ages. (Bloom & Lawerence, 2018)  It can weaken your muscles and bones. It also leaves you vulnerable to disease (Clark, blister, & Greene, ). The Study of Exercise and Nutrition in Older Rhode Islanders (SENIOR) Project I was an study that was done to stress the importance of both exercise and healthy eating in older adults (Clark, blister, & Greene, ). The study found 1277 community members that were older adults to engage in different interventions focused towards behavior that was designed to increase exercise as well as higher consumption of fruits and vegetables(Clark, blister, & Greene, ). The demonstrated with the adequate food and exercise intake older adults can lead a healthy and productive life. One third of the senior participants stated that there joint pain drastically decreased and many of their common medical conditions (e.g., hypertension, high cholesterol) as well as psychosocial variable (e.g., depression, resilience, life satisfaction) decreased tremendously (Clark, blister, & Greene, ). Children are our future, in which they must be educated on these topics so the rates of cancers start to decrease.

Another method for prevention of ovarian cancer is to restrain from any type of tobacco use. Tobacco smoking causes cancer in more than 15 organ sites and cigarette smoking remains the most important cause of cancer (Huether & McCance, 2017). Even exposure to secondhand smoke and parental smoking causes cancer in other nonsmokers (Huether & McCance, 2017). The largest preventable cause for cancer is tobacco use.  Tobacco smoking is pandemic and affects more than 1 billion people of all ages (Huether & McCance, 2017). The greatest people at risk are those who begin to smoke when young and continue throughout life (Huether & McCance, 2017). Smoking nearly affects every organ in the body.  It is so important that people of all ages are educated on these facts regarding tobacco use because it could help prevent people from getting cancer. Therefore, by restraining from smoking of any type a person is dramatically decreasing their chances being diagnosed with cancer.

Lastly, a remarkably important method for prevention, which also goes with a method of detection is going to one’s primary care physician for regular well examinations. As simple as that sounds, routinely going for well exams is essential to a person’s health. Regular well exams and tests can help find diseases or conditions before they are even in full effect (Bloom & Lawerence, 2018). They can also help find diseases or conditions early, which means a person’s chances for treatment and cure are higher (Huether & McCance, 2017).

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

states by staying on track with all the right health services, screenings, and treatments, there is a much greater chance of living a longer and healthier life (Ovarian cancer risk factors.2018).

To conclude, this research sought to determine one risk factor of ovarian cancer. The research exposed the pathogenesis of age correlation with ovarian cancer, as well as stating the risk factors’ affects on epigenetics. Ultimately, leading to the emphasis on methods of detection and prevention.  The overall limitation of the risk factor of age is that no specific treatment or pharmaceutical drug that can delay or stop the inevitable biological aging process (Pal & Tyler, 2016). However, there has been a ton of research conducted that states there are many ways of significantly decreasing your chances of cancer by following the proper methods for prevention. Possibly in the next ten years further research will be conducted to educate and help the population decrease their risk factors for cancer even more. It is our goal to make sure that people grow up starting at a young age understanding the importance of a healthy lifestyle.


References

Advocate for nursing values, and to shape the healthcare delivery system 2. Understand the legal and political determinants of the healthcare 3. Examine the effect of contemporary regulatory obstacles to advancing nursing practice, healthcare delivery, and outcomes. 4. Advocate for policies that improve the health of the public and the profession of nursing

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1. Advocate for nursing values, and to shape the healthcare delivery system
2. Understand the legal and political determinants of the healthcare
3. Examine the effect of contemporary regulatory obstacles to advancing nursing practice, healthcare delivery, and outcomes.
4. Advocate for policies that improve the health of the public and the profession of nursing

Readings: See Module 4 to select a contemporary issue for your editorial piece.

Module 4 Readings:
1. Patel, K.m Masi. D. (2015). Five ways Obamacare has improved your healthcare. Brookings Institute. Access https://www.newsweek.com/five-ways-obamacare-has-improved-your-health-care-315909
2. Nix, K. (2016). Obamacare Undermines Physicians, Quality of Care. Heritage Foundation’s Center for Health Policy Studies. Access https://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2012/08/obamacare-undermines-physicians-quality-of-care
3. Pipes, S. 2008. “Myth Six: Universial coverage can be achieved by forcing everyone to buy health insurance.” In Top Ten Myths of American Health Care. San Francisco: Pacific Research Institute. Pp 65-80
4. Pipes, S. 2008. “Myth Three: Forty-six million Americans can’t get health care.” In Top Ten Myths of American Health Care. San Francisco: Pacific Research Institute. Pp 31-40
5. No author. (2014). Study: Pre-Obamacare Health Insurance was better quality than exchange plans. Phylly.com, posted 9-18-14. Access https://www.philly.com/health/healthcare-exchange/275507221.html#mEsBWKyudpW9Fddl.99
6. Mckinney, M. (2011). About that Quality Chasm. Modern Healthcare Access http:www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20110221/magazine/110219950

ASIIGNMENT:
1. Select a contemporary regulatory obstacle to full authority advanced practice nursing
2. Identify a publication source and its criteria for authors (separate page)
3. Write a 500-word persuasive editorial(submissionis optional)
4. Use the Rubric for writing a persuasive editorial for guidance

Should a faculty member place students in a clinical setting that has less-than-desirable staff role models? What are the risks to student learning, and how could the risks be mitigated?

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Should a faculty member place students in a clinical setting that has less-than-desirable staff role models?
What are the risks to student learning, and how could the risks be mitigated?

 

Reference within 5 years, no books, must have doi or article link, This is for a masters nursing education course.
Debate and answer the following questions:
Should a faculty member place students in a clinical setting that has less-than-desirable staff role models?
What are the risks to student learning, and how could the risks be mitigated?
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While the main idea was correct, the wording such as ”they” was overused and there were quite a few sentences that were broken. The writing is to be such that it reflects a masters level student and this paper doesnt reflect that. Can you fix that? It doesnt appear to be written at a higher level

Kings Theory of Goal Attainment in Nursing Practice

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King’s Theory of Goal Attainment in Nursing Practice

Imogene King’s Theory of Goal Attainment was chosen because not only can it be used in the nurse-patient relationship, it can also be used in the education and mentoring of new nurses.  King’s Theory of Goal Attainment (TGA) is also known as the Interaction-Transaction Process (Kearney-Nunnery, 2016).

The 10 steps of this process include perception, judgment, action, reaction, disturbance, mutual goal setting, exploration of means to achieve goals, agreement on means to achieve goals, transaction, and attainment of goals (Kearney-Nunnery, 2016, p. 36).  Caceres states the King’s TGA is based on the nursing process.  Perception, judgment, action, and reaction are related to the assessment phase where we develop our thoughts about the patient and learn more about their goals. During the nursing diagnosis, we learn about problems and concerns that the patient may have is related to disturbance.  The planning phase incorporates the steps of mutual goal setting, exploration of means to achieve goals, agreement on means to achieve goals, and transaction.  During the final phase of the nursing process, implementation, we continue to use the step of transaction to achieve attainment of goals (Caceres, 2015).

There are many areas of nursing practice where TGA may be used today.  One area of interest in nursing is the functional status of our patients.  There doesn’t appear to be a clear-cut definition of functional status as it is interpreted differently in different professions.  One view of functional status looks at the physical capabilities of patients, their ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) (Caceres, 2015).  In my practice of nursing, the patient’s ability to perform ADLs such as ambulating, bathing, feeding themselves, toileting, dressing, and brushing their teeth is important in the planning of their care while in the hospital and when they are discharged.  While they are in the hospital, we are always looking ahead to discharge and what needs they may have.  Some patients can attend to all their ADLs while others may become weak and need assistance in getting up and out of bed, going to the bathroom or they may come in not being able to do anything for themselves.  We may have many disciplines such as physical therapy, occupational therapy and speech therapy working with the patients to determine their needs while in the hospital and at discharge.  Another view of functional status also includes “social, cognitive, psychological, and spiritual domains” (Caceres, 2015, p, 151).

As a preceptor and mentor for new nurses, finding ways to educate and help them advance in their nursing practice can be a challenge.  King’s TGA is a tool that has been used by nurse educators in the last several years for mentoring millennial nurses.  Millennial students are very tech-savvy, goal-oriented and confident in their abilities.  Using King’s TGA can be helpful for the “millennial students and educators as it relates to the importance of communication, transaction, self, stress, growth and development, personal space, and time in both their work and personal lives” (McQueen, Cockroft, Mullins, 2017, p.223).  While precepting and mentoring millennial students, I have learned that not only are they technologically savvy, but most are willing to share their knowledge and skills.  The millennial students are also proficient in multi-tasking and using multiple devices such as a laptop and mobile phone (McQueen et al., 2017).  One of the struggles I see in my practice as a nurse is the perceptions of the patient and family members when they see a nurse or student nurse using their mobile phone.  Many times, it is quicker to look up information on medications or medical conditions on a mobile phone than the medication administration carts (MAK).  It is easier and faster to use one’s mobile phone for a calculator than trying to locate it on MAK, but due to the perception of the patient and their family members, nurses and nursing students are not allowed to have mobile phones in patient care areas.  This may change in the future as mobile devices are usually the preferred means of communication between the millennial student and millennial practitioners.  With the onset of these technological advances, nurse educators and mentors will need to continually update their technological skills to be able to engage the millennial students (McQueen et al., 2017).

Millennial students also expect immediate feedback.  They expect assignments to be graded quickly and are impatient when they do not get this feedback in a timely manner.  While the millennial students are confident in their academic and technological knowledge, they want to be acknowledged for this by their instructors and mentors.  King’s TGA may useful in helping educators understand the needs of millennial students in both the classroom and clinical environment (McQueen et al., 2017).  “The expressive learning style and engagement in learning and technology are key to millennial success and goal attainment” (McQueen et al., 2017, p. 225).

In my practice as a nurse, I can see myself using King’s TGA to help with developing a nursing care plan for my patients.  The TGA will be helpful in encouraging patients and their families to participate in setting goals for the patient to achieve while they are in the hospital.  This may also be helpful in encouraging better communication with the patient, their family, and their provider.  TGA may also be useful in helping the patient set and achieve goals in relation to their functional status.  Functional status can include performing ADL’s and addressing psychological or spiritual needs.  This may require getting orders for physical therapy or requesting a chaplain come see the patient and their family.  I also plan to see how I can use King’s TGA to help nursing students that I precept set goals they would like to achieve during the clinical hours they spend with me.  My goal is usually to give them as much hands-on experience as possible and seek out new or interesting things for them to see or skills for them to perform.  I am just starting as a mentor in the new residency program at my hospital, so I am hoping the TGA will help me and my mentee in setting goals for our meetings and individual goals for them during their residency.

References

Assignment: Human Services Administration

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Assignment: Human Services Administration

Assignment: Human Services Administration

Human services administration is a broad and interesting field with many important aspects to explore. This course provided a dynamic array of practices and competencies that should prove useful to you if you decide to pursue a career in human services administration. For this, the final Discussion of the course, you review the Roundtable Discussion in this week’s Resources, “Social Change.” You also will select a human services administrator and an example of social change outlined in the Roundtable Discussion. Then you will think about the how human services organizations contribute to social change. Finally, given all the information presented in the course, you will consider how you personally might influence social change.

By Day 7

Post in your Journal a brief description of the human services administrator and the example of social change you selected from this week’s video. Then, based on the example you selected, explain how human services organizations can contribute to social change. Finally, given the information presented in this course about human services administration, explain how you personally might influence social change.

Suggested length: approximately 250–500 words (1–2 pages).

Human services administration is a broad and interesting field with many important aspects to explore. This course provided a dynamic array of practices and competencies that should prove useful to you if you decide to pursue a career in human services administration. For this, the final Discussion of the course, you review the Roundtable Discussion in this week’s Resources, “Social Change.” You also will select a human services administrator and an example of social change outlined in the Roundtable Discussion. Then you will think about the how human services organizations contribute to social change. Finally, given all the information presented in the course, you will consider how you personally might influence social change.

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Impact of Loneliness on Human Health and Well-being

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Human health is a wonderfully dynamic area of medicine because it encompasses so many sub-specialisations, it is forever changing as patients move through various phases of health from poor to complete health in the space of days, weeks, months, years and one can even transition between different health states in just a matter of a single consultation with a doctor.

There has been an evolution in the definition
of health over the years. Early definitions in keeping with biomedical
traditions of medicine focused on just the functionality of the body and how it
is amenable to disturbances during disease states/illness. Then, in 1948 the
WHO (World Health Organisation) radically altered the definition and stated
that health is the complete physical, mental and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity (a biopsychosocial model)

1

.
This definition was initially heavily acclaimed and hailed as an innovative
approach to defining the aim doctors should strive to achieve for their
patients and although it seems complete and thorough, the inclusion criteria is
seen to be somewhat broad, vague and immeasurable. In accordance with such a
definition few people around the world would be regarded as completely healthy.
Furthermore, adhering to such a definition could potentially incentivise the healthcare
system

2

. Huber’s definition of health coined in 2011, went a long
way to finding the appropriate conceptualisation of health and is still key in
today’s healthcare practices. It involved a more dynamic approach with the
fundamental theme being resilience, more specifically the capacity for a
patient to absorb disturbance and re-organise, to maintain and restore one’s
integrity and identity

3

.

Leading on from Huber’s definition, it has
been understood that a crucial determinant of a positive health outcome and a
patient attribute which favours resilience is social connectedness; the absence
of which can cause destructive neurological and cardiovascular changes as well
as having a damaging psychological impact

4,5

.

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs states that upon fulfilment of physiological and safety needs, the third level of human needs is interpersonal and involves feelings of belongingness (the need to be part of a community or social circle)

6

. This hierarchy holds true for patients, and their healthcare outcomes; deficiencies within this level of the hierarchy can detrimentally impact health-social anxiety and clinical depression being a chief example

7

. The foremost groups of patients that are likely to experience loneliness, neglect, and ostracism are the elderly, hospitalised patients, those with stigmatised conditions, and the disabled. In the USA a systematic study showed that in people over the age of 50 living with HIV/AIDS, positive changes in psychosocial factors such as

loneliness and isolation

resulted in a decreased transmission and improved health outcome, reducing the burden of disease as adherence to HIV medications increased

8

.

For the purpose of answering the question on the impact of loneliness on human health and well-being, the focus will be on the

elderly population

as they make up the majority of our population, the UK demographics is shifting more towards an ageing population. The elderly is more at risk of social isolation because of an increase in chronic debilitating conditions e.g. risk of heart disease, stroke, falls and fractures, patients experiencing chronic pain and fatigue. The elderly experience more losses than their younger counterparts, losses in relationships, independence (becoming reliant on family members and carers), mobility, work and income.  Other life transitions afflict the older population which inherently involve a more sedentary and isolated lifestyle including retirement, potential loss of driving capabilities, functional losses e.g. rheumatoid arthritis affecting dexterity and manual handling, age related hearing loss etc. Research conducted by Age UK recently revealed that half a million people over the age of 60 in the UK usually spend each day alone

9

. And nearly half (49%) of people over the age of 75 are living alone

10

. Existing health conditions or impairments in the elderly can lead to a restricted level of independence resulting in feelings of loneliness which inevitably lead to social isolation

11

. A shocking statistic was revealed by a study conducted by Holt-Lunstad et al., 2010 which found that loneliness can be as harmful for our health as smoking 15 cigarettes per day

12

.

The impact of social isolation in the elderly is
three-fold, the social impact is that those without a social network are more
likely to participate in risk taking behaviours; studies have shown the use of
alcohol to alleviate the depression, loneliness and anxiety experienced and
patients are less likely to adhere to medical advice

13

. The
psychological impact is the increased risk of cognitive decline due to a lack
of social connections. Persistent/chronic loneliness and isolation is what
impacts mental health the most. Impairment in sleep quality triggering memory
dysfunction with adverse changes to hormonal and neural regulation; which in
turn amplified the feelings of vulnerability, anxiety and depression

14, 15

.
The risk of developing Alzheimer’s dementia doubles in those experiencing chronic
self-perceived loneliness

16

. The English Longitudinal Study of
Ageing has revealed that elderly people that have a social circle and are
engaged with experience greater cognitive stimulation and have lower stress
levels thus see less of a decline in cognition

17

and have been shown
to be less susceptible to developing dementia

18

. The physiological
impact of being lonely is multi-faceted as it affects a number of normal
functions including the increase in blood pressure, due to heightened
sympathetic tone with increases in cortisol level (stress hormone) identified. A
number of epidemiological studies have identified that those with a lack of
social support are more predisposed to developing cardiovascular disease. Scarcity
in social support and welfare has been linked to a faster development of
atherosclerosis and a heightened risk of a myocardial infarction or stroke

19,20,21

.

In the coming years we face a challenge to tackle the
social isolation crisis not just because the life expectancy is increasing but
also globally the number of elderly living with dementia is projected to
escalate to 81 million by 2040, suffering from such a debilitating condition
naturally lends itself towards becoming socially isolated

22

. The UK
Kings Fund National Statistics Analysis has estimated that the number of people
over the age of 85 living on their own is expected to grow from 573,000 to 1.4
million by 2032

23

. A qualitative questionnaire study was conducted using
the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of life/Happiness Index, highlighted
that mental health is negatively associated with day time activities

24

;
having a daily occupation or even just being busy during the day vastly
improves wellbeing and can be beneficial in providing meaning, improving social
relations and boosting self-esteem

25

. Even offering adaptive coping
strategies such as signposting them to social workers or focus groups can be
significantly beneficial to patients suffering with social isolation and
loneliness.

Social isolation should be seen as a
diagnosis which needs be identified both in primary and secondary care by
healthcare professionals. Appropriate training and education needs to be
provided to be able to identify vulnerable patients. The NHS has made strides
with the implementation of care packages for patients upon discharge from
inpatient hospital stay with social care being endeavoured to be put into
place. However, many patients go unnoticed, most times this is due to a lack of
communication and understanding. More effort needs to be made to assess
patients in primary care settings such as during home visits. A strategy needs
to be implemented whereby when a patient arrives for a consultation, the
patient is assessed holistically. Not to just focus on what is physiologically
wrong but to always bear in mind the human dimension, to cultivate a climate of
understanding with the patient and delve deeper into the different dimensions
of patient care, the chief amongst them being social and psychological
well-being; above and beyond anything else, patients always want to feel
listened to

26,27,28

. A potential strategy for identifying patients
most in need is by implementing a holistic assessment tool into everyday
clinical practice, addressing the physiological, psychological, sociological,
developmental, spiritual and cultural needs of a patient. Once high-risk
patients are identified (for example patients that have experienced a recent
bereavement or have health-limiting conditions) they need to be signposted to
relevant psychological therapy services, support groups and they must be
encouraged to help themselves by doing regular exercise and getting involved in
activities they enjoy.

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    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-012-0271-2
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  16. Amieva, H, Stoykova, R, Matharan, F, Helmer, C, Antonucci, TC, Dartigues, J. (2010) ‘What aspects of social network are protective for dementia? Not the quantity but the quality of social interactions is protective up to 15 years later’. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72 (9), pp. 905–911.
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  • W. (2016). HHS Public Access,

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Benchmark – Curriculum Development Issue Paper

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Benchmark – Curriculum Development Issue Paper

Read “Reconceptualizing Program Outcomes” and “Leveling EBP Content for Undergraduate Nursing Students” for a better understanding of issues within curriculum development.

Select an issue within curriculum development that is of interest to you.

Write a paper of 1,250 words on the issue, discussing its affect and relevance to nursing, staff or patient education.

1. Why is this issue a problem at your place of employment?

2. What are your proposed strategies to resolve these issues?

3. Use at least three to five scholarly, peer-reviewed resources less than 5 years old in addition to the course materials. Make sure that you do not use the two sources given in this assignment.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.