NURS 6512 Assignment Differential Diagnosis for Skin Conditions

NURS 6512 Assignment Differential Diagnosis for Skin Conditions

NURS 6512 Assignment Differential Diagnosis for Skin Conditions

 

 

Properly identifying the cause and type of a patient’s skin condition involves a process of elimination known as differential diagnosis. Using this process, a health professional can take a given set of physical abnormalities, vital signs, health assessment findings, and patient descriptions of symptoms, and incrementally narrow them down until one diagnosis is determined as the most likely cause.

In this Lab Assignment, you will examine several visual representations of various skin conditions, describe your observations, and use the techniques of differential diagnosis to determine the most likely condition.

To Prepare

Review the Skin Conditions document provided in this week’s Learning Resources, and select one condition to closely examine for this Lab Assignment.

Consider the abnormal physical characteristics you observe in the graphic you selected. How would you describe the characteristics using clinical terminologies?

Explore different conditions that could be the cause of the skin abnormalities in the graphics you selected.

Consider which of the conditions is most likely to be the diagnosis, and why.

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Search the Walden library for one evidence-based practice, peer-reviewed article based on the skin condition you chose for this Lab Assignment.

Review the Comprehensive SOAP Exemplar found in this week’s Learning Resources to guide you as you prepare your SOAP note.

Download the SOAP Template found in this week’s Learning Resources, and use this template to complete this Lab Assignment.

The Lab Assignment

Choose one skin condition graphic (identify by number in your Chief Complaint) to document your assignment in the SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan) note format rather than the traditional narrative style. Refer to Chapter 2 of the Sullivan text and the Comprehensive SOAP Template in this week’s Learning Resources for guidance. Remember that not all comprehensive SOAP data are included in every patient case.

Use clinical terminologies to explain the physical characteristics featured in the graphic. Formulate a differential diagnosis of three to five possible conditions for the skin graphic that you chose. Determine which is most likely to be the diagnosis and explain your reasoning using at least three different references, one reference from current evidence-based literature from your search and two different references from this week’s Learning Resources.

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The Dangers Of Passive Smoking Health Essay

Passive smoking is breathing in the smoke of smokers, cigars or pipes. Environmental smoke includes the smoke exhaled from the smoker and the smoke emitted from the burning cigarette. Stream smoke from the burning cigarettes tend to wander in the room longer and the concentrations of carcinogens than the smoke exhaled from the smoker. So to have people smoking in the home, whether smoking in another room, the children remain at increased risk for smoke inhalation.

Passive smoking not only affects the lungs of children but also affects the brain, heart, gut … As of respiratory diseases, numerous studies have demonstrated that passive smoking increases the risk of tuberculosis infection, the onset of asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, … or children frequent cough, runny nose.

Experts estimate that each year about 150,000 to 300,000 children under 18 months of age with acute bronchitis or pneumonia related to the Smoke Free Environment. Children under 1 year old are the children of smokers with acute bronchitis or pneumonia more than double those of nonsmokers.

Children in families with smokers are at risk to asthma increased more than 2 times daily, the number of hospitalizations for asthma treatment is much more than children whose family members do not smoke drugs. These children are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke or sore throat, inflammation of nasal congestion, hoarseness, and flu than non-exposed children. Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke also scraping the tonsils VA and cut more.

Passive smoking can affect a child’s heart muscle system. These influences include the limited supply of oxygen to the tissues of the body, reducing the heart rate response to activity, and gradually increase heart rate continuously.

Passive smoking is also a risk factor for causing all kinds of other chronic intestinal diseases, colitis. Those children exposed to secondhand smoke, the risk of ulcerative colitis increased 2 times compared with children not exposed.

Results showed that smoking increases the risk of metabolic syndrome – a disorder related to the increased amount of fat in the stomach, leading to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.

When you smoke – anywhere – toxic particles from tobacco will hide the hair and clothes. When you come in contact with me, even then you do not smoke again, the baby is exposed to toxins. And if you breastfeed, your baby will go to toxins through breast milk, “Winickoff said.

To protect young children, experts recommend parents as follows:

– Keep children away from smoking.

– Use a coat to wear outside each smoker.

– Wash your hands after smoking.

– Use other measures to stop smoking support

To cope with the increasing restriction of smoking, big tobacco manufacturers in Japan has launched a product which the company claims is the first smokeless tobacco in the world.

Mint looks Zerostyle regular cigarettes, but contains a tube containing a removable medication afraid. This tube is inserted into the filter and the smoker can enjoy a taste of the drug, plus the pleasant fragrance of mint flavor. The most special thing is these drugs do not release the smoke.

two-thirds of the cigarette smoke from the burning will spread into the environment, not on smokers lung. The reason is a cigarette burn out of chips that it only took minutes to about two thirty-seconds for each cigarette.

Nicotine.

This is the addictive chemical, smoke a few times as it began to smoke because it stimulates the initial chemicals. Once inhaled, the nicotine running up the brain, making it supremely comfortable for follicle stimulating the adrenal glands and nerve cells. But the long-term use of nicotine cause heart palpitations, high blood pressure, taste buds numb, lonely mood, by the people.

Carbon monoxide.

This gas is odorless, colorless, has negative effects are taken the place of oxygen in red blood cells, causing the body of oxygen. Only very small quantities, but continuous work for longer, this gas is also taken to heart disease.

3-High tobacco.

Cigarettes contain thousands of chemicals. Nearly half are natural or caused by chemical reactions between each other when the cigarette is burned. Several other manufacturers add to enhance the flavor. When burned, these chemicals to see each other and create tar (tar), a glue-like compound, gray. Inhalation, tar and throat irritation alveoli.

Some chemicals found in plastics are acetone, ammonia, benzene, cyanide, formaldehyde, phenol, toluene, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, lead …

When smoke is deliberately flying in a watertight space, the air will be more air pollution as 40 times normal.

-Sitting in this environment, many people are excited, the plant will eye, tears lead nose, itchy throat, chest pain, headache, dizziness, nausea.

After half an hour, continue to breathe, the carbon monoxide in your blood, fast heartbeat, decreased inference judgments.

Here are some of the reasons that children are more risk severe smoke inhalation and whose parents smoke in the house:

1-The lungs of young children, less growth completely;

2-immune system protects the body’s weak because they are new students;

Because 3-breathing faster than adults so they inhale more harmful chemicals in the same time;

4-You can not protect themselves by staying away or tell the public does not want to inhale smoke, so take the battle to breathe.

Where does the freedom to smoke cigarettes, there is no way to protect them with this hazardous smoke. “

Here are some of the risk of illness for children:

When a new-born but had smoke inhalation, the growth of the lung is not perfect, leading to decreased lung function, poor health;

b-balance Childhood passive smoking increases the risk of lung infection such as pneumonia, bronchitis.

According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the United States each year there are 300,000 children under the age of one lung infection with 15.000 children hospitalized treatment, just because the balance of passive smoking;

Smoke makes you cough or, to talk and problems in the throat, wheezing. Many children have surgery to remove excess flesh in the throat department to avoid infection;

e-hand smoke as much fluid accumulates in the inner ear caused surgery to treat or to put drainage pipes;

e-Children with asthma can breathe air that tobacco smoke on asthma and the disease is more severe. Also smoking is the risk of asthma in children may be sick of this. Research in Britain and Israel concluded parents smoke, pneumonia of children doubled.

-When parents smoke, then I can born underweight, premature death after birth or Sudden Death Syndrome (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) may be the reason for the reduction of oxygen to the fetus, because nicotine can do carbon monoxide and blood vessels take the place of oxygen in hemoglobin.

After birth, that I continue smoking, the immortal dead twice. When severe addiction, the mortality increased fivefold since the common inhaled smoke excess air from the mother smoking drugs.

Your mother does not smoke but smoking is the way children are born to light up.

Had evidence of pathological changes leading to atherosclerosis newborn umbilical cord when the mother smoking or breathing secondhand smoke to spare.

i-UK study shows that the balance of passive smoking reduces the likelihood of early childhood reading.

This is not counting, parents smoking when children grow up and imitate smoking and became addicted. And the cycle was renewed generation after generation

Khói thuốc lá tại sở làm, nÆ¡i công cá»™ng.

This is a problem that has been public and government attention very much. The reason is safety in the workplace is very important. Employers have a duty to provide employees with a job without risks, a safe workplace.

Since the 1980s, inhaled cigarette smoke has been seen as residual risk leading cause health risks at work and in public places. The new study shows that access to tobacco smoke in restaurants, more pub than in the workplace or other facilities. Restaurant staff, facilities have smoke are at increased risk for heart disease and lung and the employer must be responsible. There is much precedent court case, an employer must pay compensation for failing to protect the health and safety for workers with residual smoke.

uly 3, 2003, Sir Liam Donaldson, a senior health officials of the British government, has announced that, who do not smoke but live with the population crush the pill will increase the risk of lung cancer from 20 – 30% and 25% of heart disease. Also, according to these officials, the creation of smoke-free environment will help people quit smoking addiction, but also avoids the risk of disease for millions of non-smokers, including many children, large and small. He also said that “in the past 50 years, tobacco has no significant rival to death for his people the British Queen.” Last November 2004, Britain began smoking bans in public places.

Mindful of the adverse effects to passengers that smoking should not breathe smoke-polluted air, the airline also applicable law prohibiting smoking inside the plane. Most airports also a place where non-smokers.

Kỹ nghệ sản xuất thuốc lá có ý kiến khác

They say that there seems to have exaggerated the effects of environmental tobacco smoke pollution on health; that the risk is not serious except for a few nasty little thing. They promised to publish the medical evidence is reliable passive smoking is not harmful to public health non-smokers. According to them, the campaign against smoking has caused damage not repaired for industrial production of cigarettes and they will launch a campaign asking people to protect the rights of smokers.

A statement to be reminded many times in the journal Tobacco International is: “Communism failed because people do not have freedom of choice. Smoking will last forever because smokers have a choice of smoking or not “

Lý luận cá»a dân nghiền thuốc lá

In principle, smoking or not smoking is a freedom of choice that no one individual or any government can ban. However, where interest, especially when the impact if create is not good for others may be restricted, prohibited.

Some people argue: I smoke in my house, nobody has the right to ban because it is my freedom. But actually it is not used his right only to satisfy the nicotine craving only. Moreover, when tobacco smoke as a spouse or child of his poetry to breathe smoke, then carrying the disease, it is also a form of domestic violence, child physical abuse. That when there is domestic violence law to intervene to protect victims of secondhand smoke. So if you want a healthy spouse, fetal growth, healthy children to live happy life, please think about their responsibilities.

There is also precedent for a divorce, a parent lose visitation rights because the children refused to stop smoking when near them.

The UK, the adoption of standards, there does not account for smokers or sponsored child care, because cigarette smoke lead to risks to their health.

er active smoking and alcohol voluntarily.

Phòng ngừa rá»i ro-Bảo vệ sức khỏe

After decades of research, scientists have demonstrated the benefits of eliminating tobacco smoke, prevent environmental pollution. This is a work necessary to protect the health of everyone, especially when that did not want to breathe the air pollution there.

Service or learn to observe, the risk of causing illness that may prevent passive smoking, the balance of the third, aftScientific evidence for or: there is no safe level for any cancer-causing agents. So environmental tobacco smoke as much or even less, should be eliminated at their workplaces, private homes and public places. As a reminder that smoke and odors can be reduced by ventilation systems, but some chemicals are still hanging around the house several hours after smoking.

Public places as enclosed spaces frequented by the public, activities such as offices, hospitals, schools, professional or public places, banks, restaurants, entertainment, sports performance, training fitness training, waiting room, reception room … people living in this environment should be protected, sheltered before the dangers of toxic substances in tobacco smoke.

Phòng ngừa ở nhà

Do not smoke or let guests smoke in the house;

b-If for reasons of force majeure that a family member smoking indoors, they should increase the ventilation system in rooms where people smoke it, expand the window, use extra fans to smoke out the milk;

c-No smoking around children, especially infants because they are highly susceptible to cigarette smoke;

e-Not to keep the baby, who helped the smoke in the house or near them;

Select e-home child care has a clear plan for smoking ban.

Phòng ngừa tại nÆ¡i làm việc

The agency safety and health workers are encouraging each facility must have a plan on smoking. Primary purpose is to protect those who do not smoke, avoid breathing secondhand smoke in an unwanted environment.

Here are a few methods can be applied:

a-Banning smoking in the premises or restrict smoking in designated locations;

b-air in smoking rooms are allowed to exit directly out outdoors with ventilation, not flow into other rooms. This room must be placed separately from the work to non-smokers from the back and forth. Those who do not smoke should not use this room for any demand, any service.

If you set up outdoor smoking area shall prohibit smoking right outside the doors for non-smokers can use that path. Should be consistent with outdoor ashtrays to break ground population, smoking;

e-There should be programs to help people who want to quit. Sometimes working in the smoking ban is encouraging people addicted motivation goodbye “yellow smoke”, because many people are unaware that their habit was harmful to others.

-Phòng ngừa tại tiệm ăn, tiệm rượu

Currently, in many localities have passed laws that prohibit smoking in city restaurants, Pub. Many employers sometimes do not want to ban smoking in restaurants, for fear of losing customers. But the study said: smoking bans do not affect the profitability of the service that contrary to many people prefer the back because I feel safer.

Employers should have no smoking areas and smoking areas. This division will somewhat reduce smoke for nonsmokers. No smoking area should be placed near the top of the air supply. Smoking area near the exhaust out.

Bảo vệ cá nhân

Do not smoke, but want to avoid the risk of environmental tobacco smoke pollution, they may protect themselves by:

a. Tell everyone they have contact with cigarette smoke is offensive to her. To sign “Please do not smoke” in the house, car, office work.

b-When the restaurant, so pick the smoking areas as far as possible;

c. Require government measures to protect against secondhand smoke in public places;

e-Support the establishment plans to ban smoking;

e-When meeting people, where the proposal is specifically for people addicted to smoking;

g-on professional or public, to sit as far from smokers as possible;

h-If anyone smoke near her, then gently tell them that you are allergic to smoke. Or away from where people smoke.

Kết luận

In many countries, the problem is excess smoke inhalation is a special public attention. The reason is there much evidence of adverse effects caused by this pollution to health.

In the U.S. alone, every year there from

9700-18.6000 children were born underweight;

1900-2700 children die suddenly;

700,000-1,600,000 children with otitis media;

800,000 new asthma cases are detected;

400,000-1,000,000 cases of aggravated asthma;

150000-300000 children with bronchitis or pneumonia.

All are caused by residual smoke. Not to mention that many cases of lung cancer, heart disease, the risk of uterine cancer. So the problem of passive smoking should be more public agencies and institutions of each country abetting satisfactorily resolved, to eliminate the acceptance of this reluctance to tobacco smoke pollution.

And so people are comfortable living life in peace.

Address how stocks, bonds, real estate, metals, and global funds may be used in a diversified portfolio. Provide evidence in support of your argument.

Address how stocks, bonds, real estate, metals, and global funds may be used in a diversified portfolio. Provide evidence in support of your argument.

Field: Business & Finance
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Assignment 1: Portfolio Management
Due Week 4 and worth 200 points

Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you:

Analyze the relationship between risk and rate of return, and suggest how you would formulate a portfolio that will minimize risk and maximize rate of return.
Formulate an argument for investment diversification in an investor portfolio.
Address how stocks, bonds, real estate, metals, and global funds may be used in a diversified portfolio. Provide evidence in support of your argument.
Evaluate the concept of the efficient frontier and how you will use it to determine an asset portfolio for a specified investor.
Consider the economic outlook for the next year in order to recommend the ideal portfolio to maximize the rate of return for the short term and long term. Explain the key differences between the short and long term.
Use four (4) external resources to support your work. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

Evaluate portfolio performance and develop recommendations to improve a firm’s investment performance.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in corporate investment analysis.
Write clearly and concisely about corporate investment analysis using proper writing mechanics

You will select a program, quality improvement initiative, or other project from your place of employment.

You will select a program, quality improvement initiative, or other project from your place of employment.

In this assignment, you will select a program, quality improvement initiative, or other project from your place of employment. Assume you are presenting this program to the board for approval of funding. Write an executive summary (850-1,000 words) to present to the board, from which they will make their decision to fund your program or project. The summary should include: 1. The purpose of the program or project. 2. The target population or audience. 3. The benefits of the program or project 4. The cost or budget justification. 5. The basis upon which the program or project will be evaluated. Share your written proposal with your manager, supervisor or other colleague in a formal leadership position within a health care organization. Request their feedback using the following questions as prompts: 1. Do you believe the proposal would be approved if formally proposed? 2. What are some strengths and weaknesses of the proposal? Submit the written proposal along with the “Executive Summary Feedback Form.” Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

Case Study: World Justin O’Dowd Research Paper.

Case Study: World Justin O’Dowd Research Paper.

Students will be guided through the case of Justin who is from a culturally diverse background and is experiencing mental health issues. Students will follow Justin’s journey and undertake a selection of online activities that explore mental health assessment, culturally safe communication, and values and attitudes of the student.

From the activities found within Justin’s journey, there are ten (10) specific questions/ activities to be completed and submitted. These are provided in the Assignment resources folder found on the FLO topic site.

Ensure all answers are supported by relevant literature. Referencing and in-text referencing is expected from all students. It is required in the Harvard referencing format as described in the School of Nursing & Midwifery referencing guide. The guide is available as a PDF file from: Nursing Midwifery authordate referencing

What do you believe is the essence of nursing?

What do you believe is the essence of nursing?

Personal Philosophy of Nursing 1. Write a reflective essay describing your personal philosophy of nursing. Consider the following questions ? What is your personal philosophy of nursing? ? What does the profession of nursing mean to you? ? How did your view of nursing affect your decision to become a nurse? ? There are many facets of the nursing profession. What do you believe is the essence of nursing? ? In order to live out your philosophy as a nurse, how must you care for your patients and their families? ? Has your philosophy of nursing changed since you began working as a nurse?

Risk Behaviours of Cardiovascular Diseases Study


Title of the Study

To identify the prevalence of ineffective physical activity and unhealthy dietary pattern among MSc Nursing students; could lead to cardiovascular diseases.


Significance of the Research Problem


Global Burden of Cardio Vascular Diseases:

There are many risk factors associated with coronary heart disease. Some risk factors such as age, ethnicity and family history, cannot be changed. Additional risk factors that can be treated or changed which include tobacco exposure, hypertension, high cholesterol, obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes, unhealthy diets, and harmful use of alcohol. In terms of attribute global deaths, the leading CVD risk factor is raised blood pressure 13%, tobacco use 9%, raised blood glucose 6%, physical inactivity 6 % and overweight and obesity 5% (World Health Organization, 2012).

Low- and middle-income countries are disproportionally affected: over 80% of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries and occur almost equally in men and women (Mendis, Puska & Norving, 2011). The number of people, who die from CVDs, mainly from heart disease and stroke, will increase to reach 23.3 million by 2030 (Mendis, Puska & Norving, 2011). Most cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by addressing risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, diabetes and raised lipids.


Cardiovascular diseases and Ineffective physical activity:

Insufficient physical activity is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality. People who are insufficiently physically active have a 20 to 30 percent increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to those who engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity most days of the week. In 2008, 31.3% of adults aged 15 or older (28.2% men and 34.4%) were insufficiently physically active.


Cardiovascular diseases and unhealthy dietary patterns:

Approximately 16 million and 1.7 million of deaths worldwide are attributing to low fruit and vegetable consumption (Mendis, Puska & Norving, 2011). Frequent consumption of high-energy foods, such as processed foods that are high in fat and sugar, promotes obesity compared to low-energy foods. Adequate consumption of fruit and vegetables reduces the risk of Cardio Vascular Disease. A healthy diet can contribute to a healthy body weight, a desirable lipid profile and a desirable blood pressure (Mendis, Puska & Norving, 2011).


Risk Behaviors

The vulnerable populations of MSc Nursing students are at high risk of developing such risky behaviors that might endanger their own lives. Although, the above behaviors are modifiable but due to shortage of time and increase load of studies, students are seems careless of their diets and physical activity.


Purpose

The purpose of this study is to look for the two main risk behaviors of cardio vascular diseases among MSc Nursing students. These are:

  • Ineffective physical exercise.
  • Unhealthy diet.


Research Questions

  1. What is the prevalence of ineffective physical activity among MSc Nursing students?
  2. What is the Prevalence of unhealthy dietary pattern among MSc Nursing students?


Target Population

The target population for this study would be the existing students of, Masters of Science in Nursing of the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.


Study Design

This would be a descriptive cross sectional study design.


Key Study Variables

The key variables of the study would be ineffective physical activity and unhealthy diet.


Operational Definitions of the Study Variables


Ineffective Physical Activity

Ineffective physical activity can be defined as ‘less than five times 30 minutes of moderate*activity per week, or less than three times 20 minutes of vigorous activity** per week, or equivalent(Mendis, Puska & Norving, 2011).

*

Moderate activity level

Your heart beats faster than normal; you can talk but not sing. Examples include fast walking, aerobics class, doing weights, or swimming gently.

**

Vigorous activity level

Your heart beat increases a lot; you can’t talk or your talk is broken up by large breaths.

Examples include jogging, running, basketball, or hiking up a steep hill (World Heart Federation Organization, 2014).


Unhealthy Diet

:

High dietary intakes of saturated fat*, trans-fats** and salt, and low intake of fruits, vegetables and fish (white meat) are linked to cardiovascular risk (Mendis, Puska & Norving, 2011).


  • *Saturated fats

    found primarily in animal sources including red meat and whole milk dairy products.

  • **Trans fats

    found in vegetable shortenings, some margarines, crackers, candies, cookies, snack foods, fried foods, baked goods, and other processed foods made with partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (World Heart Federation Organization, 2014).


Hypothesis

  1. There is a prevalence of unhealthy diet among MScN students.
  2. There is a prevalence of ineffective physical activity among MScN students.


Description of the Questionnaire

A questionnaire is formulated to test the hypothesis under the light of the research question. The questionnaire comprises of the following three parts.


Demographic information:

The first part addresses the basic demographic information. The aim of acquiring the demographic information from the participants is to gather a baseline data about the key characteristics of the sample. Moreover demographic variables will be needed to assess the similarities and differences between the participants and characterize them accordingly.

A total of 6 items are included in this section. The demographic characteristics included in the questionnaire comprises of name which is kept optional. The other components of this part include age, gender, ethnicity, family history related to (angina, stroke, diabetes, and kidney disorder), use of any medications, language, and family relationships. We make this form with the help of available literature and exclude other points like education level, because it is already known from sample.


Physical Activity

The second part consists of 12 items modified and derived from the Healthy heart questionnaire, which develops by Colorado Public Health Research. We modified it according to the developing country life style. We adopt the pattern of multiple choice and nominal scale for clarification of analysis (Colorado Public Health Research, 2010). For fulfilling the purpose we include the questions related to WHO definitions and for making user friendly, we have given the conceptual definition of the moderate, light and vigorous exercises in easy English words, and these definitions are also derived from American Heart Association guidelines.


Dietary Pattern

The third part of the questionnaire comprises questions related to dietary pattern. These questions are derived and modified from American Heart Association and American Nutrition guidelines. The scale includes; more than once a day, about once a day, 2-3 times a week, about once a week, 1-3 times a month, and less than once a month, for accuracy of the data of the nutritional status (Colorado Public Health Research 2010).


Assumptions underlying the Statistical tests to be used

The analysis of the data would be done through available valid statistical software like SPSS 19.0. For the purpose of analyzing the data three statistical tests would be applied in order to measure different levels of association between the key variables. The demographic information would be presented through descriptive statistical analysis (Beitz, 2008). This would include measures of central tendency like (mean, median and mode) to describe the overall demographic characteristics of the study population. Apart from the measures of central tendency, percent analysis (Beitz, 2008) would be used to determine the presence and overall prevalence of ineffective physical activity among study participants. Also percent analysis would be used to determine the unhealthy dietary pattern. In order to determine the association between various demographic variables like age, gender, height and weight of sample size individuals, univariate analysis would be used while determining that the observations would be independent of each other. Population is normally distributed and assuming the homogeneity among the population variances (Bluman, 2011). Moreover, Pearson correlation analysis would be used to examine the strength and nature (positive, negative, inverse, none) of 2 variables of cardio vascular disease. With unhealthy dietary habit, keeping in mind the four assumptions of correlation i.e. the variables should be measured in interval and ratio scale, variables should have a linear relationship between the two, there, all significant outliers should be predicted and removed and the variables should be approximately normally distributed (Beitz, 2008).


Effectiveness and Correctness of the Tool


Pre –testing of the tool

In order to test the effectiveness and correctness of the tool, the tool was pilot tested among three fellows from the MScN students from our class. The tool was distributed for filling the form. The feedback which was received from fellows is quite helpful .While testing the questionnaire; we identified a few components that needed to be modified. Firstly, they identified that in dietary pattern, if we add the instruction that tick the examples mention in bullets so it would be helpful to analyze that which type of ingredient is more common in our population. Secondly they suggest that the BMI should be added in the questionnaire with that feedback we respond that we asked in our questionnaire about weight and height which is equivalent to BMI therefore it was not added in the questionnaire. The feedback was taken as a positive critical reflection and first advice would be incorporated in the final questionnaire for the study purpose.


Reflection

Overall the questionnaire development was a stimulating and challenging task. The process of questionnaire development in itself is quite difficult as it requires researchers to critically analyze the hypothesis and research questions and formulate such questions that fulfill the overall inquiry of the subject understudy while excluding the unnecessary those details which are not suitable for developing country.

In conclusion, the tool development task was a vigorous exercise that would help us to develop an effective tool for our thesis in particular. The pilot testing was an effective strategy to be kept in mind while developing the final tool.


Acknowledgement

We would like to thank Dr. Raisa Gul and Ms. Yasmin Parpio for their valuable support and guidance throughout the process of the questionnaire development. We would also like to acknowledge and thank all the three study participants who co-operated with us and provided us their valuable time and required data to test the questionnaire.

An organization’s alignment with the stakeholders and future Analysis of a plan examining the degree of alignment between the organization’s proposed published values and mission and: ? The leaders/managers treatment of internal stakeholders ?

An organization’s alignment with the stakeholders and future Analysis of a plan examining the degree of alignment between the organization’s proposed published values and mission and: ? The leaders/managers treatment of internal stakeholders ?

The internal stakeholders treatment of one another ? The organization’s treatment of external stakeholders ? The organization’s short-term plans ? The organization’s long-term plans Discuss how the findings align with the organization’s goals and how those goals will then be implemented in the plan.

A Professional Development Plan

In reflecting on my professional development, I consider that my skills and competencies have developed significantly and that my level of responsibility has developed to reflect this. Leading the production of the Neighbourhood Plan is a challenging task that has drawn on my skills across a very broad range of areas. It has also however been a very rewarding area of work and one that I feel has significantly developed my core spatial planning skills and will provide a robust basis to further my professional development. I also believe that my experience at RDA and (name removed) City Council has enabled me to start to develop the wider generic skill set required of built environment professionals, particularly in terms of multidisciplinary working, negotiation and mediation, and leadership. This will provide a strong basis from which to develop my future career within the sector and effectively respond to change.

STRENGTHS

Well developed analytical and research skills

Strong report writing/policy skills

Breadth of experience in spatial planning and regeneration through roles at Development Agency & Council

Strong interpersonal skills

Wide range of professional contacts and networks through involvement in Regional Activities Committee and Young Planners Events

WEAKNESSES

Limited knowledge of development control and ‘the mechanics of planning’ – inquiries, compulsory purchase powers etc.

No direct line-management experience

Need to develop skills in terms of managing conflict/difficult situations

OPPORTUNITIES

Urban renaissance and current public policy commitment to building skills amongst built environment professionals – e.g. Academy for Sustainable Communities, Regional Centres of Excellence, CABE

Emergence of City Regions and development of associated organisations and bodies

Widening range of public sector special delivery bodies and regeneration agencies e.g. URCs, UDCs, RDAs

‘Missing generation’ of planners could provide opportunities for more rapid career progression

THREATS

Impact of Comprehensive Spending Review on regeneration spending and growth within the sector

Impact of review of land use planning/potential change of political direction under new Labour leadership

Competition from recent increase in number of high calibre graduates completing accelerated RTPI-accredited Masters degrees.

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Period: September 2006 ‑ September 2008

Date of next review: March 2007

WHERE AM I NOW?

Current job title and employer details

Since 3 April 2006 I have been employed as Planning Officer (Planning Regeneration) at (name removed) City Council.

Current job / role

My key area of work is the project management of the production of a Neighbourhood Plan as a non‑statutory area planning document. The core tasks which the production of the Neighbourhood Plan involves are:

Preparation and agreement of the scope and approach to the production of the Neighbourhood Plan;

Preparation of a Baseline and Issues report;

Commissioning and management of consultants to facilitate stakeholder and community engagement workshops;

Co‑ordination of both Officer Group and Advisory Group meetings; Principal point of contact for community and stakeholder enquiries; Preparation of the Neighbourhood Plan document and associated Sustainability Assessment and Consultation Statement;

Liaison with Elected Members; and

Preparation of formal reports to Planning Lead Member, Cabinet, and Council.

Outside the project management of the production of the Neighbourhood Plan, my role also involves:

preparing development briefs for key sites, and associated community and stakeholder engagement;

providing policy advice in relevant pre‑application discussions with developers relating to significant development sites;

working with partners to secure the implementation of plans and urban regeneration schemes;

preparing reports to Lead Member, Cabinet and Council to seek political endorsement where appropriate; and

providing planning advice to colleagues and stakeholders across a range of disciplines including housing, property, neighbourhood management, education services, and landscape design.

Current strengths

Policy / report writing skills ‑ these were significantly developed through my work at RDA and will provide a strong basis to inform my production of policy documents and development briefs. See log book entry, p.x

Analytical and research skills ‑ these were also significantly developed through my work at RDA and have been critical in supporting my preparation of a Baseline and Issues report for the Neighbourhood Plan area. See log book entry, p.y

Project management and collaborative working ‑ my project management of the Historic Towns and Cities study at RDA developed my project management skills in terms of managing the consultants and financial management. My skills in collaborative and multidisciplinary working were developed through liaising with the steering group and engaging key partners and stakeholders. See log book entry, p.z

Current areas for development‑

Engaging and working with the local community ‑ due to the nature of my role at RDA this is not an area in which I had experience prior to working at (current employer). It will be important that I continue to develop skills in this area in order to effectively carry out the duties of my role. Taking forward the Neighbourhood Plan process will be a key means of developing my skills in this area. See log book pages a, b and c.

Knowledge of the development control / implementation side of planning ‑ this relates to developing my detailed knowledge across a range of key areas which could be termed the ‘mechanics of planning’. These include planning applications, appeals and inquiries, call‑ins, development control and enforcement, and compulsory purchase powers. These are not areas in which I previously had experience given the nature of my role at RDA. They will however be important areas for development given the more local l implementation based nature of my role at (location removed).

Developing skills in understanding and mediating political situations ‑developing skills in political awareness and mediation will be important given the political nature of planning, and partnership working more generally. In terms of my role at (location removed), the areas which I will seek to strengthen include managing relationships with key partners and stakeholders, colleagues from other sections within the Council, and Elected Members.

WHERE AM I GOING?

Long term goals

My long term goal is to develop my career in the public sector. There are a wide range of reasons which underpin this commitment. These include the range of opportunities available, the breadth of work and the ability to make a difference and see tangible results from your work, together with the supportive organisational culture and commitment to staff development and maintaining a positive work‑life balance.

My goal would be to work within planning/regeneration within a special delivery body as I believe this would offer the greatest potential for creativity and innovation. Within the existing organisational landscape, this could for example be within an Urban Regeneration Company. There are however likely to be other similar bodies emerging in the future as the organisational landscape changes.

I believe that my experience to date within the RDA working on a strategic / policy based level, together with the more local level, implementation‑focused experience I will get in my present role at (location removed) will put me in a good position to realise my goal by giving me a broad range of experience in planning and regeneration.

Short term goals

I will develop my skills in terms of working with the local community and securing effective engagement in the plan‑making process.

I will develop my knowledge of the ‘mechanics of planning’, including planning applications, appeals and inquiries, call‑ins, development control and enforcement, and compulsory purchase powers.

I will develop my skills of political awareness through managing relationships with key partners, stakeholders, colleagues from other sections within the Council and Elected Members.

(continued on next page to allow for space for comments, right)

HOW WILL I GET THERE?

Objective 1: Develop skills of community working and engagement.

How will I get there?

Liaise with the Consultation and Commissioning group and other colleagues to develop a best practice approach to community engagement as part of the production of the Neighbourhood Plan. First meeting December 06.

Learn best practice techniques of facilitation from specialist consultants commissioned to facilitate the Neighbourhood Plan workshops. Initial meeting set up for March 07.

Continue to assist in the facilitation of relevant community engagement workshops and events at the Council. Workshops approaching in November and December 06.

Continue to attend community facilitation workshops through my volunteer role with regional Planning Aid (see examples in log book, pages d, e and f). Workshop event July 07.

Attend relevant training events on community engagement techniques organised by the RTPI, Planning Aid, or the (location removed) Planners Training Group. Specifically, event on Engaging with Young People in February 07.

Objective 2: Develop detailed knowledge of the ‘mechanics of planning’.

How will I get there?

Involvement with development control colleagues at (development & regeneration services consultancy) in pre-­application discussions with developers for scheme proposals for key sites. Meeting scheduled for October 06.

Developing my working knowledge of the key development control principles, through familiarisation with the GDPO and planning legislation, and familiarisation with the Council’s relevant draft and adopted Supplementary Planning Documents, including the Planning Obligations SPD, Housing SPD, Greenspace SPD, Design and Crime SPD, and the Nature Conservation & Biodiversity SPD. Have read and understood all documents by January 08.

Relevant web-based research via Localaw and the DCLG and HMSO websites to develop my knowledge of relevant documents relating to the statutory procedures and legislative context.

Involvement with colleagues from the Plans Group in relation to assisting in the preparation of case for appeals and call-ins. One-to-one arranged with (colleague) for November 06.

Attendance at relevant planning inquiries to observe and learn from proceedings. Inquiry examining (details removed) due for January 07.

Keep updated of amendments to the statutory procedures through reading relevant articles in Planning, the Planning Matters website, and attending Planning Law update events. Ongoing – review amendments/learning outcomes in April 07.

Objective 3: Develop skills in terms of political awareness and relationship management.

How will I get there?

Co-ordination of the Neighbourhood Plan Officer Group and Advisory Group, which will develop my skills in relationship building with officers from across the Council’s Directorates, in addition to Elected Members and community representatives. Meeting scheduled December 06.

Actively engage key external stakeholders in the production of the Neighbourhood Plan, including the (location removed) URC, the PCT and NHS Trust, (local area) Police, and key Registered Social Landlords.

Continue to build my network of professional contacts through my role on the RTPI Regional Activities Committee and my involvement in the (regional) Young Planners Group and Planning Aid.

Comments Summary

Overall this is a clear and comprehensive Professional Development Plan. The candidate has thought deeply about where he sees his career progressing, so while his short term goals are focused on improvements relating to his current role, this is part of a wider vision for the future. There is clear ownership of the PDP – on reading it you understand the candidate’s strengths and weaknesses through the same themes being picked up and addressed in the SWOT, the strengths/weaknesses of the PDP, and future objectives. So while the short term goals might not directly and explicitly work towards the long term goals, it is easy to see how these goals/objectives have been arrived at. Although the rest of the APC submission is not shown here, the PDP is also clearly identifiable as belonging to this candidate, and it is therefore clear that it is a very personal account. References are made to sections of the log book, which help with this. The actions that are identified are a little vague – the comments show how this has/could be improved by identifying more structured/specific activities, and by introducing target time frames. The candidate does not rely solely on general activities in the workplace, but identifies some firm CPD activities that will very likely have to take place outside of the day-to-day employment e.g. structured reading/research with particular topics/documents in mind. Candidates should avoid relying solely on activities that will take place during day-to-day work to meet objectives – undertaking an activity at work doesn’t necessarily mean you will learn from it, and opportunities to take on certain work activities are often outside of your control.

Reflection on changes and current issues with collegiate sport and | BSM 4101 – Sport Administration | Columbia Southern University

For this assignment, you are asked to prepare a reflection paper. The purpose of this reflection paper is to provide you with the opportunity to share your thoughts and opinions and reflect on the various topics discussed so far in this course.

First, think about the various changes and current issues with collegiate sport and professional sport. Next, share how leadership strategies and trends in labor management have impacted sport and aided in the expansion or deterioration of the sporting industry. Finally, be sure to address the following: How will this newfound knowledge and information apply to your career and personal life?

Include the following elements in your paper:

Title page: Include your name, the assignment title, and the name of the university.

Introduction: Provide a brief introduction for your paper.

Body: Reflect on the various topics described in the instructions above.

Conclusion: Provide a brief conclusion that wraps up the elements of the paper.

Reference page: If you use content from the textbook, be sure to include this as a source on your reference page.

Your paper should be a minimum of two pages in length, not counting the title and reference pages. Your paper should be typed in 12-point, Times New Roman font; be double-spaced; and include page headers. References and in-text citations should be formatted using APA style.