Analyse the client’s details to identify and prioritise key health problems, related nursing goals

/in /by

Analyse the client’s details to identify and prioritise key health problems, related nursing goals and interventions aimed at achieving safe and quality care for that client, including discharge planning.

Based on one of the case studies provided below and drawing on evidence-based literature, analyse the client’s details to identify and prioritise key health problems, related nursing goals and interventions aimed at achieving safe and quality care for that client, including discharge planning.

Your report should include the following:

Introduction (100 words)
Identify the case and outline the purpose and structure of the report.

Assessment (100 words)
Identify two nursing assessment tools that you would use to develop a current profile of your client’s health status and explain your choice.

Client’s Health Problems (350 words)
Identify THREE (3) health problems specific to your client and prioritise these problems to ensure safe and quality care of your client. Justify the prioritisation you decided.

Goals (150 words)
Based on the health problem you prioritised as the most urgent, identify 2 goals or desired outcomes for your client.

Interventions (350 words)
Identify two interventions for each of the 2 goals and provide rationales for interventions.

Discharge (350 words)
Identify at least 4 key issues the client might face after discharge. What are the strategies you are going to use to address these issues?

Conclusion (100 words)
Summarise the major points of this report, and stress the importance of the report.

References
Harvard Referencing System

Case study ONE
Mr Wilson, a 70 year old man, presented to the emergency department (ED) accompanied by his neighbour at 10:15AM. He looked exhausted and found it hard to talk in long sentences due to difficulty in breathing, even at rest. Mr Wilson said that he caught a ‘flu’ about a week ago, and it was not getting any better despite his drinking plenty of water and taking paracetamol. He was also feeling very tired, and did not have the energy to prepare breakfast that morning. He stated that this might be because he has not been sleeping very well at night, as he has been needing extra pillows to sit up to help his breathing.

How can community health nurses apply the strategies of cultural competence to their practice? Provide at least one example from each of four strategies: cultural preservation, cultural accommodation, cultural repatterning, and cultural brokering.

/in /by

How can community health nurses apply the strategies of cultural competence to their practice? Provide at least one example from each of four strategies: cultural preservation, cultural accommodation, cultural repatterning, and cultural brokering.

 

TOOLS FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING PRACTICE How can community health nurses apply the strategies of cultural competence to their practice? Provide at least one example from each of four strategies: cultural preservation, cultural accommodation, cultural repatterning, and cultural brokering. What is a possible barrTOOLS FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING PRACTICE How can community health nurses apply the strategies of cultural competence to their practice? Provide at least one example from each of four strategies: cultural preservation, cultural accommodation, cultural repatterning, and cultural brokering. What is a possible barrier to applying the strategy/example chosen? Use an example that is different than the postings of other students. ier to applying the strategy/example chosen? Use an example that is different than the postings of other students.

How does charging higher premiums or denying coverage to the sickest patients in the healthcare system seem ethical to you?

/in /by

How does charging higher premiums or denying coverage to the sickest patients in the healthcare system seem ethical to you?

1. How does charging higher premiums or denying coverage to the sickest patients in the healthcare system seem ethical to you? Why or why not? Answer from an insurance company’s perspective and also from the government’s perspective.

2.The explicit costs of healthcare include premiums, costs for medications, procedures and access to medical professionals. Are there costs to taxpayers and society if individuals currently covered by healthcare insurance lose that access with the repeal of the Affordable Care Act? “FBI Arrests Volkswagen Executive in Emissions Scandal”, Boston & Flores, Jan. 9th

3. What is the Volkswagen emission scandal? How is Mr. Schmidt involved in the scandal?

4. How did Mr. Schmidt shape the culture and impact the emissions scandal at Volkswagen? What are the management implications at Volkswagen?

For a custom paper on the above or a related assignment, place your order now!

What We Offer:

• Affordable Rates – (15 – 35% Discount on your first  two orders)
• 100% Free from Plagiarism
• Masters & Ph.D. Level Writers
• Money Back Guarantee
• 100% Privacy and Confidentiality
• Unlimited Revisions at no Extra Charges
• Guaranteed High-Quality Content

Person Centred Approach to Dementia and Geriatric Care

/in /by

  • Ranny Roi P.Gaco


Abstract

This paper examines the different principles involved in the person centred approach to dementia and other common geriatric health condition’s care. It will also tackle the differences against institution perspective approach and bio-medical perspective with respect to the person-centred approach in managing care. This assessment will also be discussing range of techniques used to meet the fluctuating abilities and needs of individuals that are very common to degenerative geriatric health conditions, as well as its impacts to equality and cultural diversity in meeting these issues in public health. This paper will also examine the government’s initiatives and programs available to meet the demands in caring with these types of elderly conditions.


Introduction

Caring comes in different ways as well as techniques in how to be able to provide the best way to our loved ones. While there are institutions who provide the best care for our loved ones, it is often being neglected that the very heart of caring is not just merely providing the basic care that the clients need but also with the quality of care that we are giving to them. Validations of the quality of care are often not being examine and should be given an emphasis especially that the abilities of the elderly with dementia are deteriorating, it is hard for them to feedback the way we are treating them or should the approach of care is the appropriate one they are actually needing.


Question 1


Individuality

We all know that whatever care we are doing, we need to considering the aspect of individuality with respect in caring with people with dementia and other geriatric conditions. In doing so, we can render a care that is suitable to the individual as we all know that every one is unique and so do with respect to caring attitude. Health workers should be conscious and must bear in mind that everyone has the right to be treated with individual needs in relation to person-centred approached that recognises the value, uniqueness of each person, understanding the world from the perspective of the service user, and providing a social environment to every individual under our care.


Rights

Every person is born with each right that no one can take away and must be respected. In dealing with elderly suffering from dementia, these rights are not being taken away and must be respected and are carried out to its highest standards. The health care provider’s role is to assess the patient’s cognitive function in order to plan what should be given to the patient especially that dementia is a condition that is interlinked with different medical conditions. Every time that someone is getting a care, this aspect of principles is being carried out in outmost consideration.


Choice

Choice is connected to individual’s right that whoever receives treatment and care should be given a choice in a way that will be helpful in managing his care. It is also the patient’s choice in instances that a further treatment is being withdrawn or further care shall be ignored. This should be explained properly to them and if cognitive functionality is impaired, the patient has the right to nominate a representative that will decide what suits best for the patient. This is commonly being delegated to the next of kin of the patient or whomever the patient assigns.


Privacy

This principle does apply to everyone and in every industry and so does with respect in managing care to those who are undergoing degenerative diseases. Privacy is being carried out such us the prognosis of the patients and shall not be divulge to anyone except to those who are only part of the team. Even medical research does not automatically be allowed to invade each patient’s medical documents without the consent of the patient. Normally, each institution does have their own ethics committee in dealing with privacy concerns as well as policies in releasing documents that is legally binding between the service provider and the customer. In dealing with procedures that is needed for the patient to undergo, an informed consent must be secured first, provided that the patient will understand the procedure and how beneficial to the client.


Independence

The goal of the care will not be a success if not with the help of the patients themselves. Optimum wellness can only be achieved if the patient cooperates and does a wide range of independence that will lead to a healing process. Most care facilities are applying this principle not because it will make job easier but it is also part of the treatment process. If there are difficulties along the way physically or intellectually, the healthcare team should find ways to these difficulties. The team should assess whether the patient can do task alone without struggle or it is advisable to seek full support in everyday living. Caregiver role plays an important role in the managing of care and should know how to assess in providing social independence and simple tasks to do.


Dignity

Every patient who is suffering dementia should be able to receive care with dignity. Anyone can attest that by putting yourself in the shoes of the patient. You should be able to assess if that is the treatment that is right to you. In that sense you, you can feel if you are receiving the treatment that you deserve. In applying to a person-centred approach of care, we must ensure that they are engaging in activities that they really like so that they will value their life even better.


Respect

This principle of care encompasses all other principles in such a way that every aspect or care should be based mainly on respect to the service user. Everyone has a unique character that should be respected. In dealing with elderly, make sure that their privacy is still being considered. In that way, they can still feel that despite their condition, that basic right of them are not being taken away from them. It is believe that when you want to be respected, you should know how to give respect as well. In applying it to person-centred, we must ensure that each individual has their own unique characteristic that we need to take note of, so that when we are providing care to them, they are able to appreciate our help. We must take note that it is the client’s welfare that we are serving and we should consider their uniqueness in order to provide a harmonious caring relationship.


Autonomy

This aspect of care should be given emphasis in its individual approach as every client has different ways in adapting to their current condition and to their new environment especially when they are being taken cared of outside their own home. Elderly especially those who are having early stage of dementia are in denial stage to the point that they are very eager in taking back their autonomy in managing their own health as well as their own way of living. This aspect of care must be taken seriously in a way that they don’t feel that their basic rights are not being taken away from them. It should be remembered by everyone involved in the care that patients should still be directly involve in the course of their treatment or rehabilitation. Creating a controlling environment against the patient will only delay the treatment course. In such cases that patients no longer capable of taking care of their own health, the nominated representative must be available that should not compromise the loved one quality of care.


Question 2


Institution perspective

This type of non-person-centred approach of care does not focus on the individual aspect of care but rather on its physical, social, and spiritual of the individual. The concept of care is focused on the general aspect of group of clients in the institution. It may be compared to an aspect of care wherein the care is based on the needs of the patients in general. The institution delivers the service to the client in a broader aspect. Examples of this are the set of diet to be served to a certain conditions are the same set of food. While some patient doesn’t want to eat a certain set that is generally being served to them, the institution do not adjust in the individual request of the patient except on the list of menus they can choose from. Though this should be applied mostly in every institution, in caring with dementia, this concept of care is not popular as the focused to their care should be more person-centred due to the needs of more personal and intimate care to be able to give an effective mode of treatment of care. So for the example regarding diet for a certain group of dementia patients in a facility, most likely that they will be demanding a different set from the one that is commonly being serve to them, it is equally important to note to the facility management to give in to some little request of the patients like extra egg or cup of tea instead of milk. Caring dementia clients needs to be more personal because of the uniqueness of the manifestations to every individual.


Bio-Medical Perspective

This perspective of care focuses on the medical aspect of treating the condition of dementia patients. It is equally important in the aspect of care because the medical team specifically in the field of research are in continuous pursuit of looking for treatment of the conditions associated with dementia patients. It is therefore important to the team to focus on the diagnosis and the course of care and treatment and constant documentation of the patients’ condition regardless of its connection of care to other care approach as the care of this is more on the scientific aspect of care and does not rely on the interdependence with other members of the care team.


Question 3


Reality-orientation Approach

This type of technique has been long use by different health care personnel not only in the care of people with dementia but as well as to other condition that affects the cognitive and reality function of the person. It involves with visual aides and basic knowledge orientation like asking about current events and today’s date. This approach is an interaction between the staff and the client. We know that patients with dementia are having trouble remembering recent events, that is why doing this approach is much needed and must be done more often. The staff can also ask the client some basic current events that the client should be able to remember if the memory is still fresh like the current Prime Minister of New Zealand. Asking the current date is equally important to prevent the client from memory deterioration. Most facilities should be able to post visible visual aids that are easy for the elderly to read like a big calendar to common areas where they can see it more often. The team can also innovate in doing it so in a way that it appears to be more fun and enjoyable to the clients. It can be done in a form of games where group of patients are gathered together and a facilitator ask them series of questions that involves reality orientation. In this way, they will feel it as a form of game without creating pressure to anyone being asked. It can be done in schedule as a way of socialising with others as well. Personal interaction can be done as much as possible. That is why all the health care workers should be able to learn these skills and be able to integrate it to their everyday interactions with the patients.


Validation Approach

Emotional aspect of the patients should always be considered in caring them. By doing a validation approach, they will allow the clients to voice out their concerns in contrast to what is actually you are observing. Care providers can do it by observing the patients emotional state and by asking them what they are currently feeling. By doing this, the patient will feel that their current emotional state are being considered and will uphold their integrity and purpose to live. Though this technique often seems to be complicated to care givers, but this approach seems to be the most important to the clients by just merely listening to them you will be able to ease what they are feeling.


Assistive Technologies

Nowadays healthcare institutions are dependent on the use of assistive technologies in carrying out their daily tasks in taking care of the patients. These technologies are very much helpful in managing the care of the patients like use of wheelchair, hoist, walker and others. Wheelchair is one of the most common equipment being used by elderly who are having difficulty in walking. It is important to note that as the age progresses they are becoming dependent to these equipment. Improper use of it will also lead to an accident that will add to the health problems of the elderly. Proper training to all including the staff is essential and as well as those caregiver who are under the direct care of the client. The patients should also be evaluated as often as possible if ever there is a need of other equipments to aid the care or there is a progress in order to provide more independence as much as possible.


Reminiscence Techniques

This technique is very common to those who are suffering Alzheimer’s disease. This is very effective if the one who are giving the care is a relative or someone who have been around with the client for a long time because the goal of reminiscing old good events are those that being shared by the client and the carer. In this way, the patient may relive an old fond memory that may enhance the ability to regain lost memory. By doing so, the client’s self-esteem is being established again that will give them a sense of life integrity.


Holistic Approach

This approach is very effective and should always be integrated in every care because it will encompasses all aspect of care by looking at the patient’s condition not only by their physiological needs but also their emotional, social, spiritual and psychological needs. By meeting each aspect of the individual’s needs, the client’s wellbeing is being uplifted and the caring process is broader that they can feel that their needs are being attended.


Question 4


Public Health and Health Promotion

In public health, there has been an effort to create a harmonious environment when it comes to equality, and cultural diversity as far as provision of the person-centred approach to individual is concerned. It is the goal of the private sector in partnership with the government to create a program that will be beneficial to elderly with dementia and across diversified cultural differences. They have even made it as a priority for dementia in all of its community involvement and awareness of the condition. In the health promotion aspect, the government had listed down six activities for those who have dementia. It includes minimising discrimination, where it should not be in any care, by promoting it, people suffering from this condition will be able to integrate in the community and have a graceful aging. Secondly, they focused on enhancing person-centred approach that every client with dementia should be able to receive this type of approach, as this would be more effective to elder clients. Thirdly, they promote activities that reduces stoke so the facilities must involve all the clients in a more active lifestyle and activities despite the challenges that the patients are having. Fourth is the reduction of incidence of fall as this is very common to elderly. Safety measures have been promoted and being practice to lessen the incidence among the clients. Their mental health is also important that is why is should be given a priority by assessing their mental wellbeing, and lastly, they encourage health and activity in older life in order to prevent these common conditions affecting elderly people. By engaging them to more active task while aging, they lessen the tendency of developing common geriatric conditions (National Service Framework, Department of Health, 2001).


Question 5

The goal of these health sector standards and codes of practice, and other standards in applying to a person-centred approach for individuals with dementia and other common geriatric health conditions is to be a guideline in practicing the care to this group of client. Since most of them they are unable to promote their rights as a consumer, these codes will be a guidelines for us and will be a moral etiquette checker if the provider are doing what is supposed to be done.


Conclusion

Since people with dementia may tend to be uneasy and disorganise due to the complexity of their condition, person-centred approach in managing their care should be inculcated in the health care team. Though it may be independent from institution perspective of care as well as to bio-medical perspective, the core of the care should be running in a person-centred approach since all we care after all is what the clients will feel when we are at their side and we are talking to them. While their abilities to communicate and recognise simple task is fluctuating, we should always be ready to guide them and relive what is missing in them so that they can continue living a life worth living.


Recommendation

Due to the fluctuating health condition of people with dementia and other common geriatric health conditions, the following recommendation are made concerning continuous staff training, public engagement and stakeholders support.


Continuous staff training

Staff and caregivers alike should be able to receive the latest information in giving care that would be focused on the person-centred approach, because it is commonly being neglected due to the outlying medical concerns of the client, this important aspect of care is often being taken for granted. The facilities should conduct at least once a year or as soon as there are latest innovation towards caring has been released.


Public Engagement

Though this is more common in an aging population like New Zealand, it is often neglected by the citizens due to various commitments they are dealing from a day to day. Engaging the family more often will be beneficial not only to the care facilities but also to the client who lacks attention from their own family.


Stakeholders support

It will not be successful without the support of everyone who are involve in the care. There should be a harmony in carrying out the goal of having a more patient focused care. Nonetheless, it is everyone’s responsibility as a providers to be the best that they can be for the benefit of the clients with dementia to achieve optimum health.


Bibliography


Electronic source


http://www.health.govt.nz

(National Service Framework, Department of Health, 2001).

Socw6311-Wk8D-Planning A Needs Assessment

/in /by

  

Social workers often identify client problems that suggest the need for a new or more focused service. Rather than bemoaning the lack of resources, many social workers consider creating new services in the future. They might next imagine what an appropriate service or program would look like. This week, you generate a needs assessment plan for a program that meets an unmet need of your choice.

To prepare for this Discussion, review the examples of needs assessments presented in both of the readings. Consider the elements of a needs assessment plan that you must include in your own plan.

Post(2 to 3 pages) a needs assessment plan for a potential program of your choice that meets a currently unmet need. Describe the unmet need and how current information supports your position that a needs assessment is warranted.

Identify the sources of information that you might use when conducting a needs assessment, including potential informants. Explain who among these potential informants would be valuable resources and why. Identify steps for obtaining credible, unbiased information.

Be sure to cite course resources or other resources, such as those in the Walden Library, related to both the program idea and to approaches to needs assessments.

Required Readings

Dudley, J. R. (2014). Social work evaluation: Enhancing what we do. (2nd ed.) Chicago, IL: Lyceum Books.
(For review) Chapter 6, “Needs Assessment” (pp. 107–142)
Chapter 7, “Crafting Goals and Objectives” (pp. 144–164)

Document: Tutty, L. M., & Rothery, M. A. (2010). Needs assessments. In B. Thyer (Ed.), The handbook of social work research methods (2nd ed.,pp. 149–162). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. (PDF)
Copyright 2010 by Sage Publications, Inc.
Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications, Inc. via the Copyright Clearance Center.

Optional Resources

Stewart, K. E., Phillips, M. M., Walker, J. F., Harvey, S. A., & Porter, A. (2011). Social services utilization and need among a community sample of persons living with HIV in the rural south. AIDS Care, 23(3), 340–347.
Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Why Is It Useful to Think about Ageing as a Lifelong Process

/in /by


Part A: Why is it useful to think about ageing as a lifelong process and not just something that affects older people?

There are many reasons why it is useful to think about ageing as a lifelong process and not just something that affects older people. ‘Ageing’ is the process of becoming older, a process that is genetically determined and environmentally modulated. ‘Lifelong Process’ defines that we are all ageing from the day that we are born. In this assignment, I will talk about ageing as a lifelong process which involves everyone, the notion of the third age and the fourth age using Laslett’s (1989) theory as well as the Lifecourse Theory, and ageism. l will also draw on examples from K118 materials to support my answer.

De Beauvoir argues that although we are aware of the ageing process, we often seek ways of avoiding these realities, by seeing older people as different from ourselves (The Open University, 2014, p.169) Many people disassociate themselves as being old because they associate ageing with frailty and decline, or later life with health and affluence which in turn has the potential to reinforce ageism I.e. social oppression based on age, because people associate Ill health in old age as undesirable and do not acknowledge the vast diversity among older adults. However, it is important that society recognise ageing as a lifelong process and not just something that affects older people as it helps to weaken the categories of ‘older people’ and ‘younger people’ and allows diversity within the category ‘older people’ to become more visible. The positive aspects of seeing ageing as a lifelong process is that ageism may prevent people from thinking about ageing in negative terms whom see ageing as a negative thing to fear. The Lifecourse Theory is useful to think about ageing as a lifelong process as it places ageing in a wider context of a whole lifecourse, and emphasises that dietary choices and exercise in our younger years shapes our experience of ageing. WHO (2000) highlight how later life is shaped by a wide range of factors, including socio-economic factors such as poverty and gender. Kirkwood (2003) argues that our genes, environment and lifestyles play a role in our ageing process and that Individually, we all age differently and the lifestyle choices that we make contribute to how we will age in later life. The lifecourse theory is important to think about as a lifelong process as it can help us to think about our dietary choices whilst we are young in order to prevent ill health in later life.

According to Laslett’s theory, the period on or around the time of retirement is known as the ‘Third age’. The ‘Fourth age’ refers to a time in which an older person is frailer and more dependent on others for their daily needs, but people may move in and out of this stage in later life (The Open University, 2018) for example, a cancer patient on remission. Laslett argues that chronological age has little to do with whether someone is living the third age. The concept of old age being associated with being a burden is often explored in the media. This is termed apocalyptic demography, which is treating older people solely as a burden to society, rather than recognising the benefits that older people in society may bring. It is ageist to frame this as a problem, and is an example of stereotyping, by categorising all older people as the same. Monty is an example of someone who is living the Third age; he is an active member of his community and seems to contribute more to society than most younger people. He also does not seem to be in a period of his life characterised by decline and difficulty. However, Monty could be living a long Third age due to his regular exercise, good health and happy family situation, whereas, Molly seems to be living a distinctly different life of that of Monty. The Grey Nomads associate their good health and wellbeing in later life with travelling and not having to deal with the stress that homelife brings, as well as the fact that they have a good social life and are constantly meeting new people. Hillman’s (2013) findings from this study are similar to the way in which the lifecourse approach to health considers both biological and social aspects of ageing. Molly is an example of a person who is living in the Fourth Age. However, this does not mean that Molly has a meaningless, unfulfilled life. The people in Katz et al’s (2013) study are living very different lives from Monty Meth, but it is not a simple story of decline and despair, as Laslett’s version of the Fourth age suggests. Categorising people in this way can be useful to think about ageing as a lifelong process because it makes it clear that being older is not the same thing as being dependent and in ill health which helps to resist apocalyptic demography, which treats our ageing population as a burden, not a success (The Open University, 2014, p.25). The disadvantage of categorising people in this way is that it implies that people in the Fourth age do not experience self-fulfilment or make contributions to society, and that they are different from everybody else. Laslett’s description of decline, dependency and decrepitude seem insulting and are ageist towards the individuals living their life in the Fourth age (The Open University, 2018)

Ageism is stereotyping and discrimination against individuals and what life can or should hold for people in the Third age and Fourth age. The term was coined by Robert Butler (1975) to describe discrimination against older people, and patterned on sexism and racism. Butler and Lewis (1973) narrowly defines ageism as seeing older people as powerless in the face of discrimination and prejudice, while Bytheway (1973) broadly defines ageism by highlighting how chronological age is used to categorise people at all ages (The Open University, 2014, p.178) However, in employment unjustified age discrimination still takes place in spite of it being illegal under The Equality Act, 2010 for example, treating a younger worker differently to an older worker, dismissal of a young worker on the basis of their age, or imposing a job requirement that is too hard for younger workers to meet. Age discrimination at work is more common for younger groups, with the under 25s twice as likely to experience it (The Open University, 2018). However, ageism which takes place against older adults has harmful effects on their health. Ageism leads to the marginalisation of older adults and excludes older people in their communities. For older people ageism is an everyday challenge as they may be overlooked for employment, restricted from social services and stereotyped in the media. Denise Keating, chief executive of the Employers Network for Equality and Inclusion suggested that although many companies have solid diversity policies, this may not run throughout the company, and more needs to be done to prevent age discrimination at work, otherwise, this could cause the exclusion of many talented people from the workforce (The Open University, 2018) Wider society may make assumptions about older people, that they are a-sexual because they are deemed ‘too old’ to have sex, and also hold stereotypical views, that ‘older people are too grumpy’, ‘needy’ and ‘costs the NHS money’. Although older people make up two thirds (66%) of NHS service users, only 40% of NHS money is spent on them (The Open University, 2018) People need to recognise the diversity among older people and realise that not all older people ‘are the same’, as in the contrasting lives of Monty and Molly, and Zena who is still employed at the age of 85. The most effective way to reverse society’s bias may be to educate younger people about ageing in order to stop the stereotypes from becoming concrete in young people’s mind. If people learn more about the aging process they may be able to relate more to the older generation.

In conclusion, there are many benefits to thinking about ageing as a lifelong process and not just something that affects older people. Combating ageism within wider society will benefit the lives of seniors by improving their health and wellbeing, categorising the Third age and the Fourth age is beneficial because it diminishes the stereotype that ‘all older people are the same’, in turn changing people’s views that ageing is not always associated with frailty and decline and so we also need to recognise the diversity among older adults in society. Finally, if society were educated about the actual ageing process and come to the realisation that we are all ageing from the day we are born, then the younger generation may view older people differently and respect them more. These are all valid strengths to this reasoning. In addition to this, people need to be made aware that the dietary choices and exercise that we take up in earlier life all contribute to how we age in later life, so that they can make these changes now, In order to benefit better in later life.



Reference list:



Part B: Have your own ideas about your ageing changed after studying Block 3? Explain how and why your ideas have changed or, if your ideas have not changed, why is that?

I am 27 years old and have two children. My son is 9 years old and my daughter is 4 years old. Being a mum has made me think about my ageing a lot more often, as my children’s birthdays pass each year, I am more aware that I am getting older.

The physical changes that I have noticed is that the skin on my face does not look as youthful as it did 10 years ago which is due to lack of cell regeneration associated with ageing, I have noticed that I have got a few grey hairs and I find it quite harder to lose weight than when I was younger. I suffer with sciatica and sometimes I am unable to take part in daily activities as much as I would like. I think of these changes negatively.

The positive changes that I have noticed are that I have gained extra knowledge, especially since studying block 3. Previous to this, I did hold both positive and negative stereotypes and prejudices in relation to ageing. For example, I associated old age with ill-health, dependency and frailty, and that all older people were in the same category. However, The Lifecourse Theory as well as Laslett’s theory has put ageing into perspective for me and my views have now changed about my own ageing.


Reference list:

Self Management Of Hypertension Nursing Essay

/in /by

Treatment and management of chronic diseases is a major health challenge world wide. Within the context of developing countries, self management practices for chronic diseases is an under researched area. Understanding of self management practices by patients in chronic diseases management such as hypertension will help healthcare providers more aware about their patients’ needs for better treatment outcomes.

Aims: To explore the impact of hypertension from patients’ perspective towards their daily living activities.

Method: A focus group study conducted with 19 hypertensive patients to get the insight of hypertension patients’ self management practices. The study was conducted in Sandeman Provincial Hospital at the city of Quetta, Pakistan.

Results: Analysis of the focus group discussion yielded four major themes. 1) Effect of hypertension on participants’ physical, mental and social states, 2) involvement in self management, 3) factors contributing to self management and 4) perception of participants towards antihypertensive agents. Majority of the patients admitted that they were involved in self management of hypertension but these management strategies came from social, peer or family and very little information come from the health care professionals. Exercise of self management was strongly connected to the philosophy of the patients towards drug nature and comparative advantages and disadvantages. Patients also expressed uncertainties against continuous drug usage for the management of chronic illnesses.

Conclusion: Patients suffering from chronic conditions tend to make routine decisions about their illnesses. This may include use of medications, prophylactic measures and self management. Patients seem to have more influence from peers, family members and people with past exposure, thus try to manage their condition on advises from their side. For proper implementation of self management in therapeutic plans, amalgamation of behavioral strategies to improve self-management requires a multidisciplinary team effort (physicians, pharmacists, nurses). The approach to patients should be individualized, taking into consideration their culture, economic situation, knowledge and beliefs regarding the disease and treatment, response to medication and changes in status over time.

Introduction:

Hypertension is a major global concern and is counted as one of the key factor responsible for developing cardiovascular events. It has massive disturbing impact on the population, resulting in unnecessary morbidities and mortalities. Hypertension alone is held accountable for more than 5.8% of death worldwide, loss of 11.9% year of life, adjusted life of 1.4% and decreasing life expectancy (21, 2) leading to further cardiac abnormalities such as myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, kidney failure and a number of other countless effects on the human body (3).

Treatment and management of hypertension follows the traditional design similar to other chronic diseases which depends upon pharmacotherapy (4) and preventive measures in shape of life style modifications, physical exercise, weight loss and reduced stress (5). Further more, it is recommended that self management programs have to be incorporated with the treatment regimen especially in the cases of chronic diseases to augment patient care and safety (6). These designs do promise a persistent control of blood pressure and decrease in the development of cardiac events but still large populations are seen with uncontrolled hypertension and thus becoming more vulnerable to cardiac abnormalities (7).

The major population burden of the world is carried by Asia thus the frequency of cardiovascular risk is also seen at the higher side (8). Very poor degree of knowledge towards hypertension is often reported when the sub continent comes into discussion (9). With in this context, there is scarcity of data about hypertension, its risk factors, management and treatment from Pakistan and especially from those areas with lower incomes, tribal residencies, no formal education and lack of access to health facilities.

To date, there is no single universally defined and accepted definition for Self management. Self management often means differently to different people thus changing actual motives of the concept. A simple statement defining self management is proposed by Creer who stated that “when the individual participates in treatment, he is engaged in self-management” (10). Alternatively, Barlow proposed self management being the ability to manage the symptoms, treatment, physical and psychosocial consequences and life style changes inherent in living with a chronic condition (11). Where as Adams in 2004 linked self management with activities that are undertaken to live well with one or more chronic conditions. These include gaining confidence to deal with medical management, role management, and emotional management (12). It is important to mention that self management is not an alternative to medical therapy but to provide a synergetic response along with the treatment.

Therefore, we aimed to explore the impact of hypertension on participants’ physical, mental and social states and whether hypertensive participants are involved in self management for their condition.

Methods

Study design

A qualitative approach was adopted because it allows a flexible and in-depth exploration of participants’ attitudes and experiences (13). Focus group study was conducted to get the insight of hypertension participants towards self management in detail. Focus group methodology was prioritized over other methods because it offer a wide extent of ideas and feelings that individuals have about certain issues, as well as revealing the differences in perspective between groups of individuals. Large data is generated in comparatively short time span and the findings of focus group interviews can be presented in straightforward ways using simple language (14). The most divergent features of focus group interviews is its group dynamics, the type and range of data generated through the social interaction of the group are often deeper and richer than those obtained from one-to-one interviews (15).

Ethical approval

As there was no human ethical committee for non-clinical, observational studies in the institution were the research was undertaken; permission for conducting the interviews was obtained from the Medical Superintendent of the hospital. Beside that, written consent was also obtained from each of the respondents.

Recruitment

The study was conducted in Sandeman Provincial Hospital at the city of Quetta, located in north-west of Balochistan province of Pakistan between June 2009 and August 2009. Hypertensive participants receiving treatment for hypertension, having ages between 18 and 60 years and having good physical and mental health to participate and ability to communicate freely in national language of Pakistan were targeted for this research. A total of 23 participants were selected purposely and 19 attended the focus group sessions. Participants were fragmented into three groups according to age and sex, with 6 participants each to two groups and 7 participants to one thus ensuring premium potential and ease of management (16). Participants with diagnosed hypertension and on antihypertensive medicines only for the last six months, with no other chronic diseases, available for study and communication capabilities were included in the study. Participants suffering from multiple chronic diseases, using medications other than antihypertensive agents, potential of absenteeism and non familiarity with language were excluded. The scheme of recruitment and characteristics of the participants is summarized in Table 1 and Figure 1.

FG* 1 (n=6)

Males 18-60yrs

(33.83±2.714)

FG 2 (n=6)

Females 18-60yrs

(31.67±3.445)

Patients attended (n = 19)

Patients recruited (n = 23)

FG 3 (n=7)

Males 18-60yrs

(35.71±4.461)

Figure 1: Focus group layout. Data is presented as mean ± standard deviation

*Focus group

Description

FG 1

FG 2

FG 3

Subjects(n)

6

6

7

Age(mean ± standard deviation)

33.83±2.714

31.67±3.445

35.71±4.461

Gender

Male

Female

6

0

0

6

7

0

Education

Primary

Secondary

Intermediate

Bachelors

Masters

0

0

3

3

0

0

1

1

3

1

0

2

2

2

1

Locality

Urban

Rural

5

1

4

2

5

2

Income

Less than Pk Rs* 10000

Pk Rs 10000- Pk Rs 20000

Pk Rs 20000 and above

0

3

3

1

4

1

2

3

2

Number of medications used

1

2

3

More than 5

0

6

0

0

0

4

2

0

0

5

2

0

Hypertension control

Adequate

Inadequate

4

2

4

2

5

2

Duration of disease

Less than 1 year

1-3 years

3-5 years

More than 5 years

0

5

1

0

1

3

2

0

0

2

4

1

Table 1: Characteristics of focus group participants

*Pakistan Rupees

Data Collection

Prior to the focus group discussions, a structured schedule of topics to be discussed was established. The topics were viewed by a group of cardiologists working at the cardiac department for the purpose of validity. The topics with little amendments were than sent to the independent experienced moderator for further cleaning. The moderator ensured that topics to be discussed are up to the level of participants. It was also confirmed that all questions are open ended. The finalized schedule was again reviewed by the research team. All focus group discussions were audio taped. Table 2 reflects the topics that were finalized and discussed in the focus group.

Schedule of topics for focus group study

How would you define hypertension?

How has hypertension affected your life?

What do you know about self management?

Are you engaged in self management of hypertension?

Does self management really help you controlling your blood pressure?

What is your current and past medication regimen?

What is your experience of antihypertensive treatment?

What is your perception towards antihypertensive medications?

What is your experience of health care and health care professionals?

What do you perceive about your past, present and future health?

Table 2: Schedule of topics for focus group study

Data Analysis

Data analysis was conducted in three stages: transcription, coding and extraction. Major themes were triangulated and sub themes were identified. Participants attending the focus groups were given a briefing about the nature of the research prior to the discussion itself. Data received from all three groups was compared and it was made assured that all topics were covered and important additional information was also extracted. As the data was reported in perfect shape, the analysis was started.

Transcription:

Transcription of the recordings was done by the principal investigator manually. The said transcriptions were reanalyzed by the research supervisor.

Coding:

Coding was done on the basis of grounded theory. Quotes related to one topic were grouped together. Major themes were identified and the quotes were added to the related themes. Sub themes were also recognized and incorporated with the themes. The four major themes that were generated are as follows: 1) effect of hypertension on participants’ physical, mental and social states 2) Involvement in self management 3) factors contributing to self management and 4) perception of participants towards antihypertensive agents.

Extraction:

The research team verified the major themes and sub themes. The said verification was supported by supervisor of the study and confirmed the results of the analysis. Data of each focus group was compared with each other to maintain homogeneity. Triangulation was done and analysis was drawn.

Theme 1: Effect of hypertension on participants’ physical, mental and social states

Reduced every day activities and mental stress was reported by almost every participant of the focus group. Participants expressed certain fears regarding impact of hypertension on their life as illustrated by the following quotes:

“I was in severe stress when I know that I suffer from hypertension. Now I will develop further heart problems and this will continue till my death” (P3, FG1)

“I know that I can not perform moderate workouts now, this will result in further problems. My routine life is destroyed and i have to give up all what I use to do before” (P4, FG3)

Socially, participants’ family members and financial status was badly affected by hypertension. Some participants have to leave their current jobs as they were unable to perform heavy works, while others stated the impact on treatment on their monthly expenditure.

“I use to work with heavy machines, now I feel tired and fatigued. I can not find a desk job too so my output at work is getting decreased and so is my progress” (P2, FG2)

“The medicines are too costly and because of my problem my family is also restricted to specific diet. With my income it is not possible to cover all expenditures. My disease has made my life problematic” (P3, FG3)

Theme 2: Involvement in self management

Majority of participants admitted that they are engaged in self management. They declared other hypertensive participants, peers and family members the source of this information. Some stated that health care professionals were responsible for this activity.

“I read that salts, oily food and smoking can increase blood pressure. If I can adopt regular exercise and stick to medication, I will have no problems. I am doing that and I feel I am ok” (P1, FG1)

“I started using garlic in my food. I am also having green tea thrice a day. I was told by my friend that I can control my blood pressure like this and it is working” (P2, FG1)

Some participants added that after diagnosis of hypertension, they tried to know more about it. It was an approach which was independent of them.

“My self management started the day I knew I had hypertension. I go through books, digests, internet, discussed with friends that what are the causes, effects and problems related with hypertension” (P5, FG1)

“Now I do not use fatty products, no outside food and try to use lots of fruits and liquids. I even bought a BP apparatus so I can check my blood pressure daily” (P1, FG3)

“I came to know that brisk walking is best for controlling hypertension. For me self management is going for a walk every day and keeping away from stress and tension” (P1, FG3)

Self management strategies employed by participants

Avoid use of fatty diets.

Less salt in take

Regular exercise

Smoking cessation

Regular monitoring of blood pressure

Avoid stress and tension

Table 3: Self management strategies

Theme 3: Factors contributing to self management

Nearly entire participants described heavy expenses in shape of physician fee, medication; diagnostic tests the major reason of self management. An interesting measure was hypertension being untreatable; participants expressed no use in consulting physicians regularly until or unless there is a severe problem faced by them.

“What is the use of going to physician when your condition is not treatable? It is wise to carry management at home and that always work” (P1, Fg1)

“I know that if I go to the doctor, he will charge me huge fee and will give me the same old medicines. May be he will add one more. So I prefer to stay at home and try to control my blood pressure myself” (P3, FG2)

I use medicines properly, but when I feel sad or I am doing some important work my blood pressure rises again. My doctor told me that if I use drugs properly I won’t feel this. It means that this condition is not treatable and what ever I do, it will keep coming back. So why should I spent my money on expensive drugs? (P7, FG3)

Whenever I move out with family, I feel relaxed and my blood pressure remains in controlled range. Even for days I do not take medicines and nothing happens. I think that it is the routine (activities) that controls my blood pressure and not the medications so I manage my routine work and have no problem. (P4, FG1)

Theme 4: perception of participants towards antihypertensive agents.

General perception of patient towards their medication drugs seemed quite unique and totally different as compared to its general pharmacology. Knowledge related to hypertension and its management was on the average level but still some participants had reservations about the treatment and management issue

“Drugs are hot (warm) in nature. They enter the stomach and increase temperature which interferes with digestion. At the same time, body temperature rises too. That is why when I feel good, I do not take medicines and try to control it by diet” (P6, FG2)

“My father had hypertension for 15 years. He was on strict diet plan and used his medication regularly. Even than his blood pressure was not controlled so as I see diet plans, walk, medication etc has no effect on hypertension. Once it develops, it is for ever and you can not do any thing” (P4, FG1)

“I use medicines properly but when I feel sad, or I am doing some important work my blood pressure rises again. My doctor told me that if I use drugs properly I won’t feel this. It means that this condition is not treatable and what ever I do, it will keep coming back. So why should I spent my money on expensive drugs?” (P5, FG3)

There were reservations regarding alternative medicine use in participants with hypertension. Some participants emphasized that use of traditional remedies give much more better results.

“I saw my parents treating me and other kids with herbs, home remedies, amulets etc. They said that natural products do not interfere with human body. I was brought up with the use of these things. Even for hypertension I try traditional products and only visit the doctor when I fell seriously ill” (P6, FG2)

“I do use medicines prescribed by my physician but at the same time I use some traditional remedies as my blood pressure was not controlled with drugs alone, but when I started traditional remedies along with the drugs, I faced no problem. It is a good combination and I even discussed this with my physician” (P2, FG3)

Discussion

The present study highlights the perception of hypertensive participants regarding self management and medication use for the management of hypertension in Pakistan which was not previously reported in the literature. The present study showed that patients with hypertension have their lives disturbed by this long term condition. Participants suffering from chronic conditions tend to make routine decisions about their illnesses and the manner to counter it. This may include use of medications, prophylactic measures and self management. Interestingly, self management strategies that are employed by participants are a decision of their own and often results in worsening of symptoms. In the present study participants tend to focus on self management but at the same time consider self management to be the total thing. The use of antihypertensive agents only when symptoms are aggregated clearly indicates that participants feel self management to be more important than pharmacotherapy. This clearly reflects the level of interaction with the physicians. More over there are merely any counseling service available for the participants that make decisions for participants even difficult. In such conditions, participants has more influence of word of mouth from peers, family members, people with past exposure and thus try to manage their condition on these advises. It is not wise to state that all these advise are wrong but there is no doubt that these advises are not from professionals and may vary from patient to patient, therefore, self management strategies that are employed by participants often results into further complications. For proper implementation of self management in therapeutic plans, amalgamation of behavioral strategies to improve self-management requires a multidisciplinary team effort (physician, pharmacist, nurse). Teaching self management is time consuming, requiring repeated contacts with health care professionals for education, self monitoring and assessment of progress. The approach to patients should be individualized, taking into consideration their culture, economic situation, knowledge and beliefs regarding the disease and treatment, response to medication and changes in status over time.

Lack of human recourses in health sector is counted as a major hurdle when it comes to delivery of optimal health care to all. Pakistan has no exception in this case and faces a severe shortage both in number of professionals and as well as health care facilities. In 2008, only 8 physicians, 1 dentist and 6 nurses and midwifery were available for 10,000 of population (17). This results in the development of medical pluralism, where the patient will use different system of healing. In the current study, it was obvious that participants focus more on Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) compared to orthodox therapy. Participants made independent but similar assessments regarding the use of modern medicines. It was also observed that orthodox medication do not have such dominance over the population as it is seen in the western world (18, 19). In addition, indigenous healing systems particularly hikmat (treatment with herbs) and spiritual healing are quite prominent in the studied population. There is no legal or official acknowledgment as far as the spiritual healing is concerned; still it is the treatment of choice to the majority of the population

Another aspect of patient care revolves around Health Belief Model, which states that attitudes and beliefs of individuals can explain health behavior. Perceived benefits and barriers about the health care regimen play a vital role in achieving therapeutic success. Participants were seemed stressed with medication prescribed to them. A general ideology of medicines carrying more harmful effects flourishes in the society. It is one reason that results in non adherence to medications and development of further complications. Opportunities are available for future research and these potential areas should be addresses by social and medical research so the information can be utilized in policy and decision making by the officials and health care team.

Conclusion

In summary, the present study has given a unique approach into the experience of patients with hypertension. The findings indicate that patients are employing self management strategies but these strategies are mostly related with experiences and with little professional advice. The study has provided the key ingredient that need to be included in a disease-specific self-management program.

Explain the concepts of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and how these may help explain Larry’s motivation in his work. What would be your recommendations to Larry and his supervisor?

/in /by

Explain the concepts of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and how these may help explain Larry’s motivation in his work. What would be your recommendations to Larry and his supervisor?

 

Question description
what is required is at the bottom of the passage
Larry is a customer service representative for a large nationwide insurance company. His primary job is to evaluate workers’ compensation claims and provide members assistance in accessing services and financial resources. Larry covers two states, California and Louisiana, and usually has not more than a hundred or so active cases at any given time. All information is electronic, and communication is done through e-mail and phone calls. Larry works five days a week from 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., with a half hour off for lunch. His workstation is a six-by-six-foot cubicle in a large room with thirty other cubicles of customer representatives. He has been in this job for five years now, and is currently making $29,000 a year. He is married and has two children, a six-year-old and an eight-year-old. His wife, Mary, works at a local nursing home as a nurse. If you asked Larry about his job, he would most probably say, “It is a routine job,” but he enjoys interacting with customers and helping them get the services they need. Over the past three years, his performance ratings have been very good. Management had reported in his annual evaluations that he is very proficient at completing his work in a timely and quality manner.
About eight months ago, Larry was asked to participate in a committee on how to improve customer relations. Larry was excited about having the opportunity to contribute his ideas on what he feels are important factors in gaining a customer’s trust and improve customer satisfaction. His enthusiasm and commitment landed him the leadership role for the committee. Over the next several months, Larry worked tirelessly, even taking the committee work home with him to complete. At the end of the project, Larry and his team submitted their findings and recommendations. Management was pleased with the work completed and took the recommendations into consideration. That was now over a month ago, and Larry has overseen his (and the team’s) recommendations being implemented. At home, he still is very active, going to the park with his kids; he enjoys playing ball with his friends and going garage-sale bargain hunting with his wife on weekends. However, over the last few weeks, Larry has been having a hard time completing his daily work schedule. A few members have complained about his lack of attention to their cases, and management is concerned about his work performance. When asked about his performance, Larry replies, “It just doesn’t seem as interesting anymore.” Larry is now considering finding a new job, but management really doesn’t want to lose him.
In a 1- to 2-page Microsoft Word document,
Provide a brief description of Larry’s change in his work performance.
Explain the concepts of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and how these may help explain Larry’s motivation in his work.
What would be your recommendations to Larry and his supervisor?
This is property of essayprince.org. We provide the best custom essay writing service to individuals needing our assistance. Log in to access custom essay writing service

Which of the following is a key component of learning new things for preschoolers? A. repetition of an idea B. reading about an idea C. brief exposure to an idea D.

/in /by

Which of the following is a key component of learning new things for preschoolers? A. repetition of an idea B. reading about an idea C. brief exposure to an idea D.

Which of the following is a key component of learning new things for preschoolers? A. repetition of an idea B. reading about an idea C. brief exposure to an idea D. abstract explanation of an idea
Which of the following is a key component of learning new things for preschoolers? A. repetition of an idea

B. reading about an idea

C. brief exposure to an idea

D. abstract explanation of an idea

GCU Mission and Domains Discussion

/in /by

GCU Mission and Domains Discussion

GCU Mission and Domains Discussion

What comparisons can be found between the GCU Mission and Domains/CON Mission and Program Competencies (for your selected specialty track, links located in the Course Materials) with the AACN’s Essentials for Master’s Education for Advanced Practice Nursing (link located in the Week 1 Topic Materials)? Explain your rational.


https://www.gcu.edu/about-gcu/university-snapshot.php


https://www.gcu.edu/college-of-nursing-and-health-care-professions.php




ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOM-WRITTEN, PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPERS




You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.


Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.


Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.


The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.



ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS


Discussion Questions (DQ)


Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.

Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.

One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.

I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.


Weekly Participation


Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.

In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.

Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).

Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.


APA Format and Writing Quality


Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).

Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.

I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.


Use of Direct Quotes


I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.

As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.

It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.


LopesWrite Policy


For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.

Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.

Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?

Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.


Late Policy


The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.

Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.

If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.

I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.

As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.


Communication


Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:

Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.

Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.



GCU Mission and Domains Discussion