A 4-month-old with meningococcal meningitis has just been admitted to the pediatric unit.

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A 4-month-old with meningococcal meningitis has just been admitted to the pediatric unit.

A 4-month-old with meningococcal meningitis has just been admitted to the pediatric unit. Which nursing intervention has the highest priority?
A 4-month-old with meningococcal meningitis has just been admitted to the pediatric unit. Which nursing intervention has the highest priority?

A. Instituting droplet precautions
B. Administering acetaminophen (Tylenol)
C. Obtaining history information from the parents
D. Orienting the parents to the pediatric unit

Analysis of Physician Views Towards End-of-Life Care

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Introduction:

It has been estimated that more than 15 million people will suffer cancer worldwide by 2020(

1

). According to the report by Ministry of Health, over 30000 people die because of cancer annually and about 70000 new cases occur every year(

2

). Therefore cancer is the third most common cause of death in Iran following coronary heart disease and accidents (

3

,

4

). There are considerable evidences that most of patients who encounter a life-threatening condition such as cancer are growing rapidly in Iran in the last few decades (

1

,

5

,

6

).

Unfortunately, most of these patients are diagnosed in the late stages of disease, therefore they reach a stage that surgery, chemotherapy and other curative interventions are unable to improve their quality of life. They often suffer severe distress, in physical, psychological, spiritual, social and financial dimensions (

7

)Hence, the relief from such a suffering is considered as a basic and universal human right (

8

) and a basic action in achieving Universal Health Coverage(UHC) which has been introduced by World Health Organization in recent years (

9

). Universal health coverage is defined as access to key promotive, preventive, curative , rehabilitative, and palliative care for all at an affordable cost(

8

).

Palliative or hospice care is an interdisciplinary, comprehensive, patient-centered approach in response to these needs. In other word hospice is a model for end-of-life care based on a team approach to control symptoms, manage pain, and provide emotional and spiritual support for terminally ill patients and their families (

10

). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), palliative care is ‘an approach to improve the quality of life of for threatening illness situations (

11

). The hospice care is not to cure disease but alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life at the end of life are the main objectives. Furthermore the mission of hospice care is to enable the end of life patients to die at home, with their beloved people around them (

12

).

Despite the fact that cancer is a leading cause of mortality with rapidly growing rate and late stage diagnoses in Iran, very little is known about the physicians’ beliefs, attitudes and experiences about of end-of-life care. This study surveyed Iranian physicians’ attitudes and practices on end-of-life care for the first time.


Materials & Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among all doctors who participated in the biggest regional annually conducted educational seminar in the Tabriz city and end of year medical students in September 2012. This Physicians came from East-Azerbaijan and some provinces in north-east of Iran. Generally seminar is conducted annually and consists of clinician-specialists in different specialty groups. The seminar presented the opportunity to obtain current information on End of life care training, knowledge and attitudes, demographic and organizational characteristics, and personal experience with end of life patients.

The population consisted of 560 medical students, general physicians, specialist and sub-specialists. The sample size was determined based on the WHO recommendation on 400 sample and results of a pilot study consisting of 30 physicians which resulted in an Odds Ratio of 1.8. Considering 95% confidence and 95% power, two tailed test, and utilizing G-Power software, 161 cases were computed and regarding a dropout rate of 45% the total sample size increased to at least 234 cases.

Data were collected using a voluntary self-administered, anonymous questionnaire that originally developed by John Mastrojohn and Agnes Csikos in 2010 (13) and we confirmed and retained its validity and reliability after translation to Farsi in this survey. A translation – back translation process was used to translate the measure; two English language specialists and two native English speaking persons respectively involved in the translation and back translation processes. In addition to apply the translated questionnaire in the study population on 15 persons, a linguistic edit of the measure was done. The content validity of the questionnaire was evaluated based on opinions of an expert panel consisted of eight specialists in the fields of Health service research. After conducting some modifications and corrections the content validity was approved. In addition, we assessed the reliability of questionnaire totally using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. The Cronbach’s Alpha values were calculated for all 22 items (0.92.) and showed reasonable reliability (internal consistency).

Questionnaires were distributed prior to the sessions and internship workshops. A total of 38.3% (215 of 560) of participants completed the survey. Participation was voluntary and no incentives were offered. Completion of the anonymous questionnaire was taken as consent to participate in the study. Questionnaire includes a letter explaining its general purpose and providing assurances of the confidentiality of individual answers. Questionnaire contains 22 questions about care of terminally ill patients, 2 questions about personal (age and sex) and 5 questions in relation to organizational characteristics’.

All returned questionnaires were checked manually for completeness before they were forwarded to electronic data computer. Frequencies and percentages were calculated to compare results and Cross-tabulations using Kendall’s tau-b to test for significance were conducted to compare within-sample bivariate associations between demographic and practice variables with belief and attitudinal variables. Most of these tests were not statistically significant, with the exception of those reported here. All study data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.Only quantitative results are discussed in this article.

Ethical consideration for this study and the study protocol were approved by the Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), which was in compliance with Helsinki Declaration.


Results:

In this study, 215 questionnaires were completed from 560 (overall response rate of 38.3%). Of all participants, 60% were males. In terms of their graduated universities, (76.2%) of the respondents were graduated students of Tabriz medical university. Every physician had visited 24.63 (16.57) patients every day and the average length of service was 5.23 (4.53) years. The physicians identified their degrees as 60.7% generalist and 39.3% specialist.

Socio-demographic and organizational characteristics of participations are shown in table 1.


Table 1

Socio-demographic and organizational characteristic


Characteristic


N (%)


Characteristic


N (%)


Age

25-34

35-44

45-54

55-64

>65

141(65.6)

53 (24.7)

14 (6.5)

2 (0.9)

5 (2.3)


Gender

Male

Female

129 (60)

86 (40)


Graduating university

Tabriz medical university

Tehran medical university

Other

156 (73.2)

23 (10.8)

34 (16)


The number of terminal illness in the past 12 month

Non

1-3

4-7

8-11

12 or more

46 (21.5)

83 (38.8)

33 (15.4)

14 (6.5)

38 (17.8)

Place of employment

Faculty member- Teaching Hospital

Resident -Teaching Hospital

Intern- Teaching Hospital

22 (10.3)

39 (18.2)

67 (31.3)

Last degree in medicine

Generalist MD

specialist

130 (60.7)

84 (39.3)

Total

214

According to the table 1 more than eighty percent of physicians have had at last 1-3 EOL patients. It is considerable that 72% of mentioned patients received medical care in the hospital, 23% at home and 4.7% in other settings.

Further investigation did not show any statically significant differences between gender groups, specialty or generalists in the number of their daily visiting patients, however differences about their terminal illness patients were statically meaningful (p<0.0001).

Physicians’ believes about the most appropriate type of care for end of life patients illustrated in Table2


Table 2- Physician opinion regarding most appropriate type of care for end of life patients

Most Appropriate care for Terminal Patients

N (%)

Continuous curative care until death

42(19.6)

Palliative care only

38(17.8)

Combination of curative and palliative care

132(61.7)

Other

2(0.9)

Total

214(100)

The responses of physicians about opinion on current cares for end of life patients in our country were as following: 1.9 percent indicated the best, 15.8 percent sufficient with deficiencies, 59.5 percent insufficient, and finally 22.8 percent there is not any care. In other words nearly all of the physicians evaluated these services as insufficient. Furthermore their response to :”In your opinion, the best setting for care of terminally ill patients is usually” approximately were:20 percent hospital, 62 percent the patients home, 18 percent a nursing home, that obviously is in contrast with their practices that indicate more than 72.4 percent of end of life patients were cared in hospital. Furthermore the differences among two groups of physicians about

Best Setting

for care of terminally ill patients were statically significant (p<0.0001). On the other hand differences of age, gender, working place, and graduating groups of physicians were not statically significant.

Physicians’ beliefs about the ability of end of life patients to maintain dignity until death showed in the Table 3:

Table 3. Physicians’ beliefs about the ability of end of life patients to maintain dignity

Maintain dignity

N(%)

Most or all end of life patients are able to maintain personal dignity

69

(32.6)

Sometimes end of life patients are able to maintain personal dignity

104

(49.1)

Most or all end of life patients are not able to maintain personal dignity

39

(18.4)

Total

212

(100)

Further investigation about mentioned differences in last table didn’t show any significant relationship among specialty, age, gender, work place and graduating groups of physicians.

Nearly one percent of physicians stated that they were quite knowledgeable about hospice care and 57.1 percent did not posses any familiarity with this type of care. In other way, 97.2 percent of physicians indicated that they would not participate in educational course about hospice care. Hence 82.2 percent of them were interested in participating in educational course on hospice care. Table 4 shows familiarity of physicians with hospice care and their interest in participating in educational course.

Table 4: physicians’ familiarity, behavioral with hospice care and educational course

Table 4- physicians’ familiarity, behavioral with hospice care and educational course

Familiarity with hospice as a type of care

N(%)

Quite knowledgeable

2

.9)

More than a basic knowledge

15

7.1)

Only a basic knowledge

42

19.8)

Only heard about it

32

15.1)

Never heard about it

121

57.1)

Attention CME workshops to increase your knowledge about hospice

Definitely

10

4.7)

probably

22

10.3)

Did not think so

181

85)

Participating in workshops or course about hospice

Yes

6

2.8)

No

209

97.2)

Interest to Participating in workshops or course about hospice

Yes

175

82.2)

No

38

17.8)

Investigation on significant relationship between physicians’ knowledge about hospice and demographic characteristics were meaningful only in Age groups, where differences in physicians on searching workshop in different groups were significant only in work place (p=0.025).


DISCUSSION:

There are numbers of important implications of this study. First, the study demonstrates that familiarity of Iranian physicians with end of life cares was low in spite of frequent contact with those patients. Second, there isn’t any kind of structured or organized system to deliver services for end of life patients. Third, there isn’t any developed educational plan neither in medical school curriculums nor continuity medical education programs.

In this study the participation rate was 38.3% which was lower than that of similar studies in Hungary (54%) , United States (48%) and Pakistan (63.6%)(

13

,

14

). This differences could be attributed to methods of sampling and low level of Iranian physicians’ knowledge about end of life cares .

Most of the Iranian physicians (72%) in the current study claim that they didn’t have any knowledge about hospice care, which is similar to Pakistani doctors (57.1%) who stated that they had heard about a hospice (

14

)

.

In contrast to the most of U.S. physicians who were quite knowledgeable most of the Hungarian physicians had only a basic knowledge (

13

). However there is a high level of interest in the physicians of U.S., Hungary, Iran (82%), and Pakistan to participate in continuing medical education to learn more about hospice care. These findings are consistent with previous studies that indicate physicians’ common interest in continuing medical education for end-of-life care(

7

,

13-17

).

In this study 72% of EOL patients received medical care in the hospital and 23% at home, whereas other studies are focusing to physicians’ awareness of patients’ preferred place for dyeing(

18

,

19

).

However 27% of Iranian physicians mentioned that the preferred place of providing terminal care is hospital, the reasons for this obvious conflict are related to lack of delivering any end of life care in health system in hospital or home. Furthermore 82% of physicians demonstrated that level of present end of life care in Iran is insufficient and 22% believed that there is not any structured service for end of life patients. This finding is in accordance with other study results and reports, thereforeIran was categorized in second group on Palliative Care Development in the world (

20

). Iranian physicians believed that combination of curative and palliative care is most appropriate approach for terminally ill patients (61.7%) which matches with U.S. physicians and contrasts with most of Hungarian physicians that supported a palliative care only approach for terminally ill patients (

13

). This may be attributed to the current practice of aggressive curative treatment until the last days of life in Iran and Hungary.

Iranian Physicians’ beliefs about the ability of End of life patient to maintain personal dignity were differed from those of other countries(

13

,

19

) especially for this opinion “Most or all end of life patients are not able to maintain personal dignity” it was 18% in our study but in the mentioned countries it was 9% and 5 %. These differences could be attributed to difference of social contexts and family structures in these three countries.

Most of the Iranian physicians in the current study claim that they would not participate in educational course about hospice care neither would they do in collage curriculums nor in continuity medical education programs. These results are in contrast to most of the U.S. and Hungarian physicians (

13

) but are in accordance with previous studies on Iranian nurses (

8

). Intense interest of Iranian physicians to participate in continuing medical education for end-of-life care is clear evidence for this finding.


Conclusions:

A growing trend of chronic, non-communicable diseases especially cancers in Iran, has led to new condition of needs for providing care to EOL patients. Furthermore our findings clearly indicate unacceptable level of knowledge and attitudes of physicians about delivering services for EOL patients. Physicians of our study were interested in participating in continuing education programs about EOL patient. In response to these realities, designing the specific care for EOL patients, is inevitable and should be starting as soon as possible.

Furthermore the education of physicians about EOL care should be included in the formal curriculums of medical schools and continuous medical education programs.


Related content

How media affects our perception on gender

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Media plays a great role on our day to day doings: for our views on particular fields of thoughts, our purchasing thought, and the way and of performance (how people things) and on various aspects on life. One of the ways that the media affects is on our perception on gender.

This can be main seen thought various advertisements in that thought various media advertisement they tend to belittle the one gender .this is very evident in many advertisements that manly advertises liquor cigarettes for example in the recent past an international brand beer put out an advert that a gentleman drinking that brand he will have all ladies chasing after him this give a thought that a lady only looks at the drink on not on the mans personality.

Moreover this is more reflected when by the programs that are aired on the media some of the program give the feminine gender a low status in the society .it give the lady a position as the a beast of all burden . The research revealed that television portrayed more male figures than female, and furthermore depicted males in a more varied range of occupations and activities than their female counterparts, who typically were depicted as being content with domestic settings while working in traditional female occupational specialties. If this doesn’t affect a child’s perceptions of gender roles I don’t know what does.

Just as much research supports that positive depiction of both male and females on television can influence the same type of role model for children who in turn nurture this image later in life as an adult. Is it not a good thing, when a young girl wants to be like the female surgeon on ER, and dreams of becoming a doctor? Or the young boy or girl who is impressed with the team of forensic scientists on CSI and is inspired to follow suite?

In as much as children spend a lot of their time watching television and tend to imitate what they see, it seems logical to assume that the perceptions of gender roles can be at least influenced in part by the type of programming that is beamed into our living rooms. Further more, it is entirely plausible that gender role development is impacted by the imitated behavior of children of what they see on television.

Let’s use the media to inspire our youth to do great things. Let’s take the old perceptions of males and females and turn them inside out in a positive way. Our children should be reaching for the stars, and we as adults should be pointing these kids in the right direction. Though not as strongly as in earlier years, the portrayal of both men and women on TV is largely traditional and stereotypical. This serves to promote a polarization of gender roles. [With femininity are associated traits such as emotionality, prudence, co-operation, a communal sense, and compliance. Masculinity tends to be associated with such traits as rationality, efficiency, competition, individualism and ruthlessness.]

Meehan has shown how on TV, ‘good’ women are presented as submissive, sensitive and domesticated; ‘bad’ women are rebellious, independent and selfish. The ‘dream-girl’ stereotype is gentle, demure, sensitive, submissive, non-competitive, sweet- natured and dependent. The male hero tends to be physically strong, aggressive, assertive, takes the initiative, is independent, competitive and ambitious. TV and film heroes represent goodness, power, control, confidence, competence and success. They are geared, in other words, to succeed in a competitive economic system. There is no shortage of aggressive male role-models in Westerns, war films and so on. Many boys try to emulate such characteristics through action and aggression.

There are few women in the heroic role played by Sigourney Weaver in Aliens. Men tend to be shown as more dominant, more violent and more powerful than women. Men on TV are more likely to disparage women than vice versa. They drive, drink and smoke more, do athletic things, and make more plans. They are found more in the world of things than in relationships. Women on TV tend to be younger than the men, typically under 30.

So TV images largely reflect traditional patriarchal notions of gender. Stereotypical masculinity, for instance, is portrayed as natural, normal and universal, but it is fact a particular construction. It is largely a white, middle-class heterosexual masculinity. This is a masculinity within which any suggestion of feminine qualities or homosexuality is denied, and outside which women are subordinated. The notion of ‘natural’ sex differences help to preserve the inequalities on which our economic system continues to be based.

Most modern TV ads feature both girls and boys, but boys tend to be the dominant ones. Ads aimed at boys portray far more activity and aggressive behaviour than those for girls, and tend to be far louder. Boys are typically shown as active, aggressive, rational and discontented. Boys ads contain active toys, varied scenes, rapid camera cuts and loud, dramatic music and sounds. Girls ads tend to have frequent fades, dissolves, and gentle background music (Welch et al.)

Morley reports that many men prefer to watch TV with full concentration, without interruption, and in silence, and that many women watch with less attention. Some women prefer to watch and chat at the same time, seeing television viewing as a social activity. Women also refer more often than men to chatting about TV programmes with friends and workmates. One women (cited by Hobson, in Seiter et al.) declared ‘I only watch Coronation Street so I can talk about it.’

Fathers who become engrossed in TV programmes (most clearly in news programmes, apparently) are of course at the time less responsive to other members of the family. Some commentators have argued that watching in this way is a deliberate way for men to shut out the rest of the family. It is very uncommon for mothers to neglect the family in this way: they tend to maintain a monitoring role. Some may on occasion even watch primarily in order to make social contact with another viewer. This is a clear reflection of prevailing social roles in the home. Most mothers would feel too guilty to watch television as wholeheartedly as many men like to do, and the prevailing pattern of responsibilities in the home does not permit women to watch in the way that men prefer. As Ang puts it (in Seiter et al.): ‘Men… can watch television in a concentrated manner because they control the conditions to do so.’

Fathers are the ones referred to most often as controlling the selection of TV programmes on the main family TV set, though fathers often didn’t see it this way (Lull). In Morley’s sample, men were far more likely to plan a evening’s viewing in advance than women were. For many men the remote control device is effectively symbolic of their power of choice over programmes. Some women complain that their husbands often switch programmes without regard for whether their wives had been watching. Mothers only rarely take such unilateral action. This is a reflection of male power in the home. As one girl put it, ‘Dad keeps both of the automatic controls – one on each side of his chair.’

Identification of the characteristics of mentors that have been (or could be) most successful in recruiting and training diverse nurses and nurse faculty.

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Identification of the characteristics of mentors that have been (or could be) most successful in recruiting and training diverse nurses and nurse faculty.

Nurses as Leaders in Health Care Reform
As healthcare delivery in the United States continues to evolve, either through mandates, improved technologies, and training, or other drivers, nurses remain at the forefront in facilitating the success of new initiatives. In 2010, the Institute of Medicine formed a committee of experts to address the following question: “What roles can nursing assume to address the increasing demand for safe, high-quality, and effective health care services?”

Question:
Identification of the characteristics of mentors that have been (or could be) most successful in recruiting and training diverse nurses and nurse faculty.

Post a description of the priority above and select the benefits and challenges of further researching this area. Provide an overview of the articles you found (using appropriate APA citations) relating to this priority, and highlight any key findings. Explain how continued research in this area could strengthen the ability of nurses to lead in both individual organizations and as advocates of health care reform.
Topic 2 Mandatory Discussion Question
The American Cancer Society (ACS) is a nationwide, community-based, voluntary health organization dedicated to eliminating cancer as a major health problem. Together with its supporters, ACS is committed to helping people stay well and get well by finding cures and by fighting back.
Critical Thinking Questions:
1. Imagine that a family friend or colleague has just been diagnosed with cancer. Explain how the American Cancer Society might provide education and support. What ACS services would you recommend and why?
2. According to statistics published by the American Cancer Society, there will be an estimated 1.5 million new cancer cases diagnosed each year over the next decade. What factors contribute to the yearly incidence and mortality rates of various cancers in Americans? What changes in policy and practice are most likely to affect these figures over time
3. Select a research program from among those funded by the American Cancer Society. Describe the program and discuss what impact the research will have on the prevention or treatment of cancer

SOCW Week 11 – Final Project: Scholar Practitioner Project

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Final Project: Scholar Practitioner Project

For your SPP, you prepare a case study of Marge, the client presented in the media pieces throughout the course.

  • Your case study consists of two sections: A narrative case study section and an addiction treatment      plan section.
  • The narrative case study section is written using the required APA style. You use the “Instructions for Scholar Practitioner Project (SPP) Case Study” as a guide for the narrative section of your case study and include at a minimum the 18 elements presented in this document.
  • Your addiction treatment plan section follows the “SPP Treatment Plan Template” introduced in your Assignment for Week 5.

See the “Instructions for Scholar Practitioner Project (SPP) Case Study” and “SPP Treatment Plan Template” documents located in the resources this week for complete information on the Project.

For this assignment, you will use that attached document as your starting point. You’ll revise the attached document to pass anti-plagiarism SAFEASSGN. In short, the assignment is completed, you just re-write the assignment to pass anti-plagiarism.

For this assignment- you will use the following case study. Vandaveer- V. V. (2012). Dyadic team development across cultures: A case study. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research- 64(4)-

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For this assignment, you will use the following case study.

Vandaveer, V. V. (2012). Dyadic team development across cultures: A case study. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 64(4), 279–294. Retrieved from https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=85301202&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Given this scenario, include the following topics:

  • Explain how culture can affect perceptions of team members in a group.
  • Discuss strategies for working with leaders or team members who originate from a different culture than you.
  • Expound on the significance of using the best type of verbiage to communicate with other members of a team in order to prove successful in task completion.
  • Share the benefits of connecting with humor to build team camaraderie.
  • Explain how personality traits, social factors, and styles of leadership can affect the competence and loyalty of a team member.
  • Determine the different career options an employee might consider when having trouble working with a cohort or leader of a department.

Formulate your response to these questions using APA format in a minimum of a two-page paper that includes at least two outside sources. Therefore, two additional sources, in addition to the case study, are required. Please use the CSU Online Library databases to find academic journals as sources.

Analyze Good Health Hospital’s records and itemize recent nosocomial infections that occurred within the past year. Propose at least six (6) questions for the health care administrator at Good Health Hospital, regarding potential litigation issues with infections from the nosocomial diseases.

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Analyze Good Health Hospital’s records and itemize recent nosocomial infections that occurred within the past year.
Propose at least six (6) questions for the health care administrator at Good Health Hospital, regarding potential litigation issues with infections from the nosocomial diseases.

Analyze Good Health Hospital’s records and itemize recent nosocomial infections that occurred within the past year. In your report, categorize the different parameters (i.e., person, time, place, ethnicity, and gender) used in the compilation of data into the information summative.

Propose at least six (6) questions for the health care administrator at Good Health Hospital, regarding potential litigation issues with infections from the nosocomial diseases. Rationalize, in your report, the logic behind your six (6) questions.

Identify a targeted audience within Good Health Hospital, and prepare an implementation plan based on your hypothetical meeting with the hospital health care administrator. Propose four (4) steps that will be useful in the final implementation plan.

Suggest at least five (5) recommendations to your department head based on the steps taken in the implementation plan. Provide rationale for your suggestions.

Using these approved recommendations, design a safety protocol itinerary that must be placed in public access areas of the hospital.

Abc manufactures a new generation of video game console.

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ABC manufactures a new generation of video game console. The fixed overhead

for the manufacturing is budgeted for $5,500,000 for 2022. The sales of the game consoles are

predicted to be 400,000 units for the year. All variable costs for the manufacturing are

estimated to be $95 per unit. The selling and administrative expenses are budgeted for

$4,800,000 and of which, $1,850,000 of them are variable expenses. The game console’s sale

price will be $195 each.

(1) Prepare a budgeted income statement for the year 2022 in contribution form ignoring

income taxes.

(2) A video game company plans to bundle its games with a game console. If the video game

company offers to buy 50,000 units of the game console for $8 million on a one-time

special order. Assume that ABC has enough manufacturing capacity for the order and

there will be no selling and administrative cost incurred. However, a special commission

of 7% of the sales of this special order will apply. Should ABC take this special order?

(3) For the special order in (2), if ABC only has extra capacity of 35,000 units and the

additional 15,000 units need to be subcontracted for $125 each, should ABC take this

special order?

(4) For the special order in (3), what is the highest subcontract price that ABC can accept so

that ABC will not lose money on this special order?

Review Nursing Informatics: Scope and Standards of Practice in this week’s Learning Resources, focusing on the different functional areas it describes.

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Review Nursing Informatics: Scope and Standards of Practice in this week’s Learning Resources, focusing on the different functional areas it describes.

 

Readings

American Nurses Association. (2015). Nursing informatics: Scope & standards of practice (2nd ed.). Silver Springs, MD: Author.

“Functional Areas for Nursing Informatics”

This chapter describes the key functional areas of nursing informatics. It also clarifies the roles of informatics nurse specialists and informatics nurses.

“Informatics Competencies: Spanning Careers and Roles“

This chapter details an informatics competencies matrix that has been developed by reviewing research. It outlines best practices for successful use of health information technology.

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2012). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 8, “Nursing Informatics Roles, Competencies, and Skills”

This chapter details the roles, competencies, and skills that ensure effective nursing informatics practice. The text also details the future of nursing informatics.

Chapter 9, “Information and Knowledge Needs of Nurses in the 21st Century”

In this chapter, the author emphasizes the need for embedding the core concepts and competencies of informatics into the practice of nurses. The chapter describes how this integration of concepts and competencies is necessitated by the integration of clinical information technologies into nursing practice.

Wakefield, M. K. (2008). The Quality Chasm series: Implications for nursing. In R. G. Hughes (Ed.), Patient safety and quality: An evidence-based handbook for nurses (Vol. 1, pp. 47–66). Rockville, MD: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from https://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/clinicians-providers/resources/nursing/resources/nurseshdbk/WakefieldM_QCSIN.pdf

Pages 12–19

This chapter discusses four of the Institute of Medicine’s reports on the quality and safety of health care. Specifically, the chapter focuses on the issues, concepts, findings, and recommendations of To Err Is Human, Crossing the Quality Chasm, Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality, and Quality Through Collaboration: The Future of Rural Health Care.

Cheeseman, S. E. (2011). Are you prepared for the digital era? Neonatal Network, 30(4), 263–266.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article explores the application of health information technology (HIT) in neonatal intensive care units. In addition, the article highlights national initiatives advocating for the implementation of HIT throughout the health care delivery system.

AMIA. (2012). AMIA. Retrieved from https://www.amia.org/

This homepage of AMIA (formerly known as the American Medical Informatics Association) details the activities of the AMIA, including its publications, programs, events, and policies.

Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society. (2012a). Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society. Retrieved from https://www.himss.org/

This homepage of the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society displays research conducted by HIMSS and introduces various tools, events, and resources for professional development.

Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society.(2012b). Resources/reports. Retrieved from https://www.thetigerinitiative.org/resources.aspx

This page of the TIGER website contains a list of resources and reports related to the development and implementation of technology informatics.

Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society.(2012c). The TIGER initiative. Retrieved from https://www.thetigerinitiative.org/

This site includes information on the phases of the TIGER Initiative and includes related resources and reports, opportunities for strategic partnerships, and general information about TIGER.

Technology Informatics Guiding Educational Reform. (2009). TIGER informatics competencies collaborative final report. Retrieved from https://tigercompetencies.pbworks.com/f/TICC_Final.pdf

This text details foundational informatics competencies that nurses should possess in order to meet standards of providing safe, quality, and competent care. In particular, this article specifies requirements for nurses in the areas of basic computer competencies, information literacy, and information management.

The TIGER Initiative. (2009). Informatics competencies for every practicing nurse: Recommendations from the TIGER collaborative. Retrieved from https://www.thetigerinitiative.org/docs/TigerReport_InformaticsCompetencies.pdf==================================================

To prepare:

Review Nursing Informatics: Scope and Standards of Practice in this week’s Learning Resources, focusing on the different functional areas it describes. Consider which areas relate to your current nursing responsibilities or to a position you held in the past. For this Discussion, identify one or two of the most relevant functional areas.

Review the list of competencies recommended by the TIGER Initiative. Identify at least one skill in each of the main areas (basic computer competencies, information literacy competencies, and information management competencies) that is pertinent to your functional area(s) and in which you need to strengthen your abilities. Consider how you could improve your skills in these areas and the resources within your organization that might provide training and support.===============

Post the key functional area(s) of nursing informatics relevant to your current position or to a position you recently held, and briefly describe why this area(s) is relevant. Identify the TIGER competencies you selected as essential to your functional area(s) in which you need improvement. Describe why these competencies are necessary and outline a plan for developing these competencies. Include any resources that are available to you within your organization and the ways you might access those resources. Assess how developing nursing informatics competencies would increase your effectiveness as a nurse.

Analyze the different and overlapping general roles of physicians and nurses as they apply to professional credentialing and subsequent patient safety and satisfaction.

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Analyze the different and overlapping general roles of physicians and nurses as they apply to professional credentialing and subsequent patient safety and satisfaction.

“Professional Legal Issues with Medical and Nursing Professionals” Please respond to the following:

•* From the scenario, analyze the different and overlapping general roles of physicians and nurses as they apply to professional credentialing and subsequent patient safety and satisfaction. Determine the major ways in which these overlapping roles may help play a part in health professional credentialing processes and conduct, and identify and analyze the ethical role these influences play in health care.

“Professional Legal Issues with Medical and Nursing Professionals” Please respond to the following:

•* From the scenario, analyze the different and overlapping general roles of physicians and nurses as they apply to professional credentialing and subsequent patient safety and satisfaction. Determine the major ways in which these overlapping roles may help play a part in health professional credentialing processes and conduct, and identify and analyze the ethical role these influences play in health care.

•Analyze the major professional roles played by physicians and nurses as they apply to physicians’ conduct in the medical arena and to nurses in the role of adjuncts to physicians. Evaluate the degree and quality of care that physicians, nurses, and medical technologists provide in their primary roles, including, but not limited to, patient safety and satisfaction as required in 21st Century U.S. hospitals.

•Analyze the major professional roles played by physicians and nurses as they apply to physicians’ conduct in the medical arena and to nurses in the role of adjuncts to physicians. Evaluate the degree and quality of care that physicians, nurses, and medical technologists provide in their primary roles, including, but not limited to, patient safety and satisfaction as required in 21st Century U.S. hospitals.