Negative Effects of Social Media on Mental Well-Being

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Does heavy social media use affect one’s self-esteem and mental well-being?

Today, social media is the highest checked applications on our phones and computers. It has become a critical part in our everyday routines, sometimes even checked multiple times per day and hour. By the click of a button we are able to communication with people all over the world by posting on timelines, stories and blogs. With applications such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter we can communicate via photos and video with no longer needing face to face contact. By checking these applications multiple times a day we are putting pressure on ourselves to post more, get more likes, friends and followers. These pressures come from all social media platforms and add up significantly over time by making the users feel as though they need to look and act a certain way in order to fit in with social media standards. Does heavy social media use affect one’s self-esteem and mental well-being? This paper seeks to provide an overview of research on how self-esteem and mental well-being are negatively affected by social media.


Keywords: social media, mental well-being and self-esteem

Negative Effects of Social Media

Social media has forever changed the way humans interact. We no longer have to meet face to face, send emails or wait until we get home make phone calls to keep in contact with distant relatives or friends who live out of town. Now people can post on their stories, timelines, go live or even quickly snapchat their friends off their smartphones. The evolution of social media has drastically changed the easiness of everyday life.

By opening the applications on our phones for Facebook or Instagram all we need to do is click on a button in order to share a picture of our most recently selfie or create a post about current thoughts for people to like and comment on. Social media users feel a need or desire to post often to keep people up to date with their life and to constantly check what other people are doing so that they know how to fit in. Even though social media has many positives and benefits, there are many negatives that come along with it.

The pressure is higher than ever to fit in with societal norms. New ideas of beautiful, new styles and trendy ascetics appear every day which produces added stress for people to keep up with the trends. The idea that we need to look a certain way, be a certain size, wear specific styles and constantly be up to date on the newest trends causes an obsession by social media users. We no longer post on social media the things that we like and enjoy but instead we are posting to fulfill a certain standard and show that we do things that are considered in style/cool/popular.

Social media changed our lives by promoting that its users follow a trend instead of forming their own path. Self-esteem and mental well-being are negatively affected by social media. I critically analyzed four research papers and found links between social media use and negative self-esteem. For this papers literature review, I will use the topic/categorical structure to cover my four sources. I believe that social media use contributes to lower self-esteem found in women and men in today’s culture. All of the four research papers I chose also agree that people’s tendencies on social media sites do indeed affect levels of their self-esteem.

Literature Review

Since the launch of Facebook in 2004, social media has taken over the lives of thousands of people from all around the world. Social media allows us to interact with people in different ways and perceive ourselves and other in new ways. Whether we like to believe it or not, social media does have negative effects on our self-esteem and mental well-being. According to Ahn Phung the definition of self-esteem can be described as a personal judgment of the worthiness that is expressed in the attitudes the individual holds towards himself, or put it more simply, self-esteem is the attitude that people have toward their own values (Phung p. 2).

Many scholars have done studies on how/if social media does affect mental well-being. The four sources I chose did preform studies that ended up proving that social media does affect self-esteem and mental well-being. Each of these studies came up with a research question, tested their hypothesis and came to a conclusion. While all of their studies and research questions varied a little, the conclusion ended up proving the same point. In an article by Angie Zuo, she sought to investigate the relation between Facebook use, social comparison, and mental health outcomes.

This is component one of my categorical/topic structure. Her hypothesis stated: “(H1) Individuals who spent more time using Facebook would make more social comparisons (both upward and downward) than individuals who did not spend as much time using Facebook and (H2) individuals who made more social comparisons would have lower self-esteem and more negative mental health outcomes” (Zuo, 2014). To test her hypothesis, she created a measure that asked the participants to report the ways that they compared themselves to other people.

After her studies was conducted and her results were completed for both hypothesis’, she found that for (H1) “the results showed that the number of minutes spent using social networking sites per day was significantly correlated with comparisons about appearance. This indicates that the more time an individual spends on social networking sites per day, the more likely they are to make comparisons about appearances, which supports our hypothesis” (Zuo, 2014).

She also found that for (H2) “Overall, we found that higher levels of social comparison were indeed associated with lower self-esteem and more symptoms of depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoia, and sensitivity. Our hypotheses were supported” (Zuo, 2014). Angie Zuo, from the University of Michigan research found direct links between self-esteem, mental well-being and social media use. As people have more exposure to social media, in this case Facebook, there levels of self-esteem dropped as they made social comparisons which made their mental health more negative as well. She found that there were positive correlations with lower self-esteem and negative well-being. Zuo’s investigation positively supports my research question that heavy social media use does affect self-esteem and mental well-being.

Similar to Angie Zuo’s findings on how social media can lead to self-esteem issues, I analyzed a second article based off a similar topic. For my second component of my categorical/topic structure of my literature review I analyzed Anh Phung’s article on

Social media and Self-esteem.

Her hypothesis is “people who focus the attention on others profile are likely to feel less confident about themselves when exposed to social media” (Phung p.8). In order to find out if her hypothesis is correct, she began a study by collecting and analyzing data from an online study in which she created. The reason she used an online study was because she considered it to be the fastest and most efficient way to get information for her research on the topic.

Through her online study she asked questions regarding the respondent’s demographics, how often they check social media on a number scale ranging from almost never to several times a day and their own person level of self-esteem. After Phungs data had been collected and evaluated, she found that her original hypothesis had been supported by the data she received. Phung concludes her research question by saying “I will be able to conclude that other-centered activities indicate lower level of self-esteem in users.

I believe my conclusion contributes to the research on the effects that social media has on people’s mentality” (p.11). Anh Phung found connections between self-esteem and social media use. The more often people checked their social media then more likely they were to have negative feelings about themselves. Just like Angie Zuo’s findings, Anh Phung found similar connections between social media use and negative feelings towards self-esteem.

Social media sites that we encounter everyday give plenty of chances for its users to feel self-esteem issues while scrolling through hundreds of friends and famous people’s pictures and posts. While you may not have noticed self-esteem issues, you may find that you make social comparisons between yourself and others.

On sites such as Facebook people have the ability to create a profile, post the best pictures of themselves and focus their profile around their most desirable traits and best self-views. Whereas face to face interactions you may not see those qualities at first or allow for the same degree of contemplation (Vogel, 2014). Erin A. Vogel, Jason P. Rose, Lindsay R. Roberts, and Katheryn Eckles from the University of Toledo created an article that I will use for my third component of my categorical/topic structure titled,

Social comparison, Social media and Self-esteem.

In order to find common links between social media, social comparison and self-esteem they created a hypothesis to test. Their hypothesis is “we anticipate that people who use Facebook more frequently will have poorer self-esteem and that this relationship will be mediated by upward social comparison on Facebook” (Vogel, 2014).  To test their hypothesis, they used a correlational study by examining the relationship between Facebook use and self-esteem.

The participants for this study were college students and they completed questionaries’ that covered Facebook use, self-esteem and the amount of times they found themselves making social comparisons. After conducting their research, exanimating their hypothesis and connecting the two, they found that “Critically, as expected, frequency of Facebook use was negatively correlated with self-esteem where participants with more exposure to Facebook tended to evaluate themselves more poorly.

Frequency of Facebook use was also associated with an increase in the extent to which participants reported making social comparisons on Facebook” (Vogel, 2014). As they expected and as I expected, there was a relationship between social media use and negative self-esteem. Just as Zuo and Phung came to the same conclusion that these two topics intertwined, so has Vogel. Social media is proving through various accounts of research to have negative effects on self-esteem. It has also caused viewers to make social comparisons that are also affecting one’s self-esteem.

For my fourth and final component of my categorical/topic structure I critically analyzed another article on the topic of self-esteem and social media use. In an article written by Jasmine Fardouly, Phillippa C. Diedrich, Lenny R. Vartanian and Emma Halliwell they examined

Social comparisons on social media: the impact of Facebook on young women’s body image concerns and mood.

This article connects with my past three critically analyzed articles because it focuses on how social media affects woman’s body image/self-esteem. They tested their hypothesis in a different way than the last three articles did. Their hypothesis speculated that “the effect of Facebook usage on women’s mood and body image, whether these effects differ from an online fashion magazine, and whether appearance comparison tendency moderates any of these effects” (Fardouly, 2014).

The female participants were randomly assigned to spend ten minutes looking at an appearance-neutral controlled website, a magazine website or their own Facebook accounts. After completing these ten minutes of looking at their randomly assigned subjects, they had to complete a state of measure of mood, body dissatisfaction and appearance (skin, weight, face and hair related) (Fardouly, 2014).

While reading this research, I found this survey to be the most interesting because of the three different websites the participants had to look at. Based off these women’s results they found that the participants who had to spend their time looking at Facebook reported being in more of a negative mood than those other women who looked at the magazine website and controlled website. Their hypothesis was proven to be correct since they found that there was yet again, a connection between social media and self-esteem issues, in this case body image.

Conclusion

Through my extensive effort of analyzing four research articles and providing their hypothesis, research methods and conclusions, I have also come to the conclusion that my research question of “

does heavy social media use affect one’s self-esteem and mental well-being?”

has been answered. Based off the evidence I have provided and research I have done, I think my hypothesis is correct that heavy social media use does affect one’s self-esteem which moreover, affects one’s mental being. Mental well-being and self-esteem can be affected by social comparison, body image or overall dissatisfaction with the way we look and present ourselves. Given this subjects popularity, I think that even articles I did not read and analyze might come to the same conclusion. If heavy social media use leads to negative thoughts, how can we make positive thoughts occur without having to lessen our social media use? Social media is a critical part in today’s society, bringing light to the negatives will hopefully make it so more people can focus on positive self-esteem.


Reference List:

Co-Occurring Disorders and Behavioral Health Services

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  • Jasmina Vuksanovic


Co-Occurring Disorders and Behavioral Health Services

Co-occurring disorders exist “when at least one disorder of each type can be established independent of the other and is not simply a cluster of symptoms resulting from a single disorder.”

1

It has also been defined as the co-occurrence of “two or more psychiatric disorders.”

2

Depending on the disorders involved, comorbidity may be

homotypic

, which involves disorders from the same diagnostic group, such as alcohol use and drug use, or

heterotypic

, which involves disorders from different diagnostic groups, such as alcohol use and depression.

2


Prevalence and Demographic Factors

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent mental disorders in the United States, affecting approximately 6.7% of U.S adults each year.

3

Alcohol use disorder (AUD), defined as both alcoholism and harmful drinking, is also prevalent in the United States and often co-occurs with MDD. AUD affects approximately 17 million Americans each year.

4

Although research has not established a definitive etiological risk factor for both MDD and AUD, there are several proposed theories as to the association between these two disorders. Studies have shown that depressive symptoms may emerge during periods of heavy drinking and withdrawal.

5

Continued heavy alcohol use may be a precursor to stressful life events, which in turn increases the risk of depression.

5

Conversely, individuals battling depression are likely to drink heavily in order to cope with the depression, which in turn increases the risk of developing AUD.

5

Among those with AUD, women have higher depression than men, as do Whites, compared to racial and/or ethnic minorities.

5

In the general population, alcohol dependent men have a 24.3% lifetime prevalence of major depression, whereas alcohol dependent women have a 48.5% lifetime prevalence of major depression.

5

In clinical samples, the lifetime rates of co-occurrence for women range from 50% to 70%.

5

Co-occurrence of AUD and MDD is also associated with increased morbidity, mortality, functional impairment, and risk of suicide.

6

Another co-occurring disorder of interest is schizophrenia and substance use disorder. Schizophrenia is a chronic illness associated with hallucinations and disorganized behavior, while the most common substances of abuse are alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine.

1

Schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of Americans, and approximately 50% of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia also suffer from a co-occurring substance use disorder.

7

When compared to individuals who suffer from schizophrenia only, dually diagnosed individuals have lower adherence to treatment, increased risk of HIV, higher hospitalization rates, are more prone to violent behavior, and are more likely to commit suicide.

7

Schizophrenia runs in the family. If one parent has schizophrenia, the risk of a child developing the disorder is 13%; if both parents have schizophrenia, the risk increases to 46%.

8

Schizophrenia does not discriminate and affects men and women equally. Symptoms often begin between the ages of 16 and 30 and does not commonly occur in children or adults older than 45 years.

8

Additionally, individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and a substance use disorder often experience onset earlier in their life than do those who suffer from schizophrenia only.

8


Service Delivery Barriers and Strategies to Overcome These Barriers

The fragmented health care system poses a huge barrier for individuals seeking care for co-occurring disorders. Due to this fragmentation, patients are not able to receive comprehensive and coordinated care for addiction services and mental health care. Of those struggling with co-occurring disorders, “8.5 % of individuals receive treatment for both disorders; 38.4 % receive treatment for one or the other disorder; and 53 % receive no treatment at all.”

1

One strategy for overcoming this barrier is by integrating mental and physical health care delivery. Combining mental and physical health funds to pay for services would not only increase access to coordinated care, but it would streamline the coding and billing process through the use of common codes. It would also create a network of mental and physical health providers, who would all be responsible for well-being of each patient, thus encouraging coordinated care.

A second barrier is the stigma associated with mental illness, which impedes help seeking. This barrier can be combated by educating patients about the resources available for treatment and the overall importance of a healthy mind and body. Businesses should do more to educate employees about mental health benefits, as many may not be familiar with them. Establishing behavioral health clinics, such as the WestBridge Clinic, would provide the compassionate care many individuals with co-occurring disorders are in need of and would likely encourage these individuals to seek treatment.

A third barrier is one that is faced by Medicare patients as same day separate billing for mental health and medical care is not covered under Medicare.”

1

With the oncoming demographic shift, this segment of the population cannot be ignored. Though this is a more difficult barrier to overcome, policy changes should be made to ensure the elderly have access to mental health services in the primary care setting. Increasing the scope of practice for clinical staff may be a feasible strategy for overcoming this barrier.


Implications for Behavioral Health

Throughout this course we have learned that organizational leaders and clinical staff must exhibit a certain level of commitment to providing quality care in order to effectively treat dually diagnosed individuals. As we see look at Accountable Care Organizations, the benefits of coordinated care become even more apparent. The ACA shifts the focus to evidence-based practices, which will become integral for more effective treatment and improvement in service delivery of co-occurring disorders. Adequate screening methods and health assessments by primary care providers are the first step in the treatment and recovery process

1

and will undoubtedly lead to improved detection rates and treatment of dually diagnosed individuals. It is essential for clinicians to understand the epidemiology of all disorders a person is suffering from to ensure correct and effective treatment is received. Service delivery can be expected to improve with an increase in more knowledgeable clinical staff. Clinicians must be knowledgeable about possible interaction of the two disorders and how both can be treated, rather than just one. However, as long as stigma continues to surround the topic of mental health, there will continue to be hesitation by mentally ill individuals to seek treatment. As a society, we must take the necessary steps and encourage help seeking by those suffering from a mental illness.


References

  1. Levin BL, Hennessy KD, Petrila J (Eds.).

    Mental Health Services: A Public Health


    Perspective, Third Edition

    .New York: Oxford University Press; 2010.
  2. Falk D, Yi H, Hiller-Sturmhofel S. An epidemiologic analysis of co-occurring alcohol and drug use and disorders.

    Alcohol Research & Health

    . 2008; 31(2): 100-110.
  3. National Institute of Mental Health. Available online at

    http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/index.shtml

    . Accessed February 19 2014.
  4. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Available online at

    http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/alcohol-facts-and-statistics

    . Accessed February 19 2014.
  5. Conner KR, Pinquart M, Gamble SA. Meta analysis of depression and substance use among individuals with alcohol use disorders. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2009; 37: 127-137.
  6. Riper H, Andersson G, Hunter SB, et al. Treatment of comorbid alcohol use disorders and depression with cognitive-behavioural therapy and motivational interviewing: a meta-analysis.

    Addiction

    . 2013; 109: 394–406.
  7. Green AI, Noordsy DL, Brunette MF, et al. Substance abuse and schizophrenia: Pharmacotherapeutic intervention.

    Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment

    . 2008; 34: 61– 71.
  8. National Institute of Mental Health. Available online at

    http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia/index.shtml

    . Accessed February 19 2014.


QUESTION #3


Is Mental Health a Public Health Issue?

Among U.S. adults age 18 years and older, an estimated 26 percent suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder each year, and for young adults, mental disorders are the leading cause of disability.

1

Mental illness also bears a heavy burned on the global economy. The WHO estimates that 14% of the global disease burden is attributable to mental illness.

2

Among the twenty most significant causes of disease burden worldwide are depression (3

rd

), alcohol use disorder (7

th

), bipolar disorder (12

th

), schizophrenia (14

th

), and substance abuse disorders (20

th

).

2

Compared to all health expenditures, mental health and substance abuse expenditures have been decreasing since 1986, and are estimated to account for 6.9% of the nation’s health care expenditures in 2014.

3

Mental illness increases the risk of developing a physical illness, communicable and non-communicable disease, and intentional and unintentional injury.

2

To decrease prevalence of mental illness and its adverse effects on overall health of individuals, it is necessary to integrate mental health service delivery into the nation’s public health system.

The public health system encompasses a broad array of topics, which creates opportunities for integration of mental health services through community education, epidemiologic surveys, health screening and assessment, ensuring adequate access to care, identifying risk factors and determinants of health, focusing on prevention and early intervention, and promoting sharing of information among health care providers.

3

Traditionally, mental and physical health have been treated in two separate service delivery systems. However, majority of adults diagnosed with a mental disorder to not seek treatment, and those who do, seek treatment within the primary care sector, rather than a specialty behavioral health care sector.

3

Integration of the mental and physical service delivery systems leads to better health outcomes in primary care, home health care, and long-term care setting, as well as increased mental health care access, rates of treatment, improved treatment adherence, enhanced clinical and functional outcomes, and greater cost-effectiveness.

3

Among older adults suffering from depression, integration of physical and mental health services has shown a decrease in health care dollars spent on care, improved survival, and improved quality of life.

1

Among individuals suffering from substance abuse disorders, integrated care leads to lower “hospitalization rates, inpatient days, emergency room use, and medical costs.”

3

One example of an integrated health care delivery system is the Veterans Health Administration, the nation’s largest integrated health care system. Zeiss identified five key reasons for this integration. First, patients prefer to receive mental health care in the same setting as primary care, as they are most familiar and comfortable with their primary care provider.

4

Second, primary care providers often fail to diagnose or misdiagnose a mental illness, especially in older patients who may have other health conditions.

4

Integrating care can increase detection and accuracy of diagnosis. Third, patients are more likely to seek treatment for a mental illness when a diagnosis is determined in primary care and when care is available in the primary care setting.

4

Of importance is the difficulty of primary care referral to mental health providers.

4

Studies have shown an astounding 75% of patients fail to follow through with the referral and therefore do not get the mental health treatment, whereas 90% receive treatment when it is provided by the primary care provider.

4

Fourth, integrated care allows for information sharing among providers. Of highest importance is information relating to the patient’s diagnosis and treatment options. It allows both health providers to provide ongoing care and treatment to the patient, without overlap of information, or exchange of misinformation among the providers. Fifth, screening for mental illness in the primary care setting may lead to reduction in the stigmatization of mental illness as it will be viewed as one of many steps of a health assessment provided to all primary care patients.

4

These findings have been echoed through other studies, as we have learned throughout the course of the semester.


Implications for Behavioral Health

Mental illness affects a significant proportion of the U.S. population and the importance of efficient treatment cannot be understated. Integrating mental health services into the traditional public health delivery system and increasing collaboration and information sharing among providers of different disciplines is a key aspect of delivering holistic care. Through course lectures, reading assignments, and videos, we have learned that populations at higher risk of developing a mental illness are more likely to delay treatment, or not seek treatment at all, receive lower quality care, and have higher rates of co-occurring illness and morbidity. The traditional health care model emphasizes preventive care and early treatment, which must be a primary focus for mental health services as well, in order to keep the population healthy, lower the prevalence of mental illness, and maintain an affordable health care system. The number of mental health facilities and organizations providing mental health services and treatment has decreased from 3,942 in 1990 to 3,130 in 2008,

1

thus the need for integration is essential. In order to create a holistic healthcare system, we must break down the existing barriers between the mental and physical health care delivery sectors.


References

  1. Levin BL. Week #3 Lecture: Mental Health Systems.2014. 1-11.
  2. Levin BL. Week #2 Lecture: Epidemiologic, Historical, & Legislative Perspectives.2014: 4- 15.
  3. Levin BL, Hennessy KD, Petrila J (Eds.).

    Mental Health Services: A Public Health


    Perspective, Third Edition

    .New York: Oxford University Press; 2010.
  4. Zeiss AM, Karlin BE. Integrating mental health and primary care services in the Department of Veterans Affairs health care system.

    Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings

    . 2008; 15:73–78.

A 78-year-old patient is scheduled for transition to home after treatment for heart disease.

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A 78-year-old patient is scheduled for transition to home after treatment for heart disease.

A 78-year-old patient is scheduled for transition to home after treatment for heart disease. The patient’s spouse, who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, plans to care for the patient at home. The spouse says that their grown children, who live nearby, will help. The best approach to discharge planning is to:

arrange nursing home placement for the couple.
consult the spouse’s healthcare provider about the spouse’s ability to care for the patient.
contact the children to ascertain their commitment to help.
discuss community resources with the spouse and offer to make referrals.

A client has 15% blood loss. Which of the following nursing assessment findings indicates hypovolemic shock?

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A client has 15% blood loss. Which of the following nursing assessment findings indicates hypovolemic shock?

A client has 15% blood loss. Which of the following nursing assessment findings indicates hypovolemic shock?

a. Systolic blood pressure less than 90mm Hg
b. Pupils unequally dilated
c. Respiratory rate of 4 breath/min
d. Pulse rate less than 60 bpm

Active ingredient refers to the main chemical in a drug that possesses the property to A. cause a toxic reaction. B. enter the gastrointestinal tract. C. enter the plasma. D. treat disease.

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Active ingredient refers to the main chemical in a drug that possesses the property to A. cause a toxic reaction. B. enter the gastrointestinal tract. C. enter the plasma. D. treat disease.

Active ingredient refers to the main chemical in a drug that possesses the property to A. cause a toxic reaction. B. enter the gastrointestinal tract. C. enter the plasma. D. treat disease.

Active ingredient refers to the main chemical in a drug that possesses the property to A. cause a toxic reaction. B. enter the gastrointestinal tract. C. enter the plasma. D. treat disease.

Active ingredient refers to the main chemical in a drug that possesses the property to A. cause a toxic reaction. B. enter the gastrointestinal tract. C. enter the plasma. D. treat disease.

LEADERSHIP COMPETENCIES IN NURSING AND HEALTHCARE

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LEADERSHIP COMPETENCIES IN NURSING AND HEALTHCARE

Practicum Change Project PowerPoint
Grading Criteria
Create a PowerPoint presentation that summarizes your Practicum Change Project. Include a minimum of 8 slides (15 maximum) and the following information provided below. The PowerPoint Presentation is worth a maximum of 200 points and is posted in Week 6 Practicum Discussion. Points will be awarded as follows.
Requirement
Criteria
Points
Title Page
Follows APA requirements for the title page
10 points
Describe the proposed change including evidence to support the project. Identify the quality and safety issue addressed by the project.
Collaborates with professionals in the facility to discuss the need for the proposed change.
Identifies the quality and safety issue addressed by the project.
20 points
Describe the change theory and model used as framework for the project. Apply the steps of the change theory to the project development process.
Selects one of the major change theories and applies the project development process to each step of the theory.
Discusses how the project aligns with the facility mission, vision and values.
30 points
Describe your collaborattion with multidisciplinary team members.
Describes the members of the multidisciplinary team and their role in the proposed project.
30 points
Present the proposed budget for the project.
Develops a realistic budget for the project including salaries, equipment, supplies, education, travel and so forth. Justifies the need for the budget items.
30 points
Discuss the quality and safety issue addressed by the project.
Discusses the quality and safety issue and how the project will help decrease the incidence of the issue in the facility.
30 points
Describe dissemination strategies and justify the selection of the strategies
Describes the most effective way to disseminate the final project if the opportunity were available to do so.

30 points
A minimum of 5 scholarly references are used in the project including peer-reviewed research articles and textbooks.
References are current and are peer-reviewed research articles and/or current textbooks.
20 points
Total
200 Points
Deductions – 25 Points may be deducted for:
Late posting of PowerPoint (Post by Day 4)
Inadequate number of references to support your project.
Errors such as: typos, grammar, spelling, punctuation, syntax, or lack of APA style or incorrect APA formatted references.

Select one important health insurance, managed care, or healthcare reform challenge (or problem to solve) and analyze it in greater depth in a written format.

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Select one important health insurance, managed care, or healthcare reform challenge (or problem to solve) and analyze it in greater depth in a written format.

select one important health insurance, managed care, or healthcare reform challenge (or problem to solve) and analyze it in greater depth in a written format.

The paper should critically analyze the issues related to your topic within the context of the current healthcare environment, and also considering future directions in U.S. medical care. Web references, books, and professional journal articles should be considered as references. And don’t overlook the DeVry Online Library as an important source of information for your paper! Guidelines Back to Top

Your Course Project should be 7–10 pages in length, with 10-point font, and double-spaced. Include a cover page, table of contents, introduction, body of the report, summary/conclusion, and works cited. Even though this is not a scientific writing assignment, and is mostly creative in nature, references are still very important. At least six authoritative outside references are required. These should be listed on the last page, titled Works Cited.

Appropriate citations are required. All DeVry University policies are in effect, including the plagiarism policy. Papers are due during Week 7 of this course. Any questions about this paper may be discussed in the weekly Q & A Discussion topic. This Course Project is worth 320 total points and will be graded on quality of research topic, quality of paper information, use of citations, grammar, and sentence structure.

Possible Course Project Topics Back to Top

Pros and Cons of Managed Care in America

Challenges in Managing Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)

Challenges in Managing Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs)

Problems in Network Contracting for Managed Care

Legal Issues Associated With Managed Care Contracting

Challenges in Utilization and Case Management in Managed Care

Approaches to Disease Management in Managed Care

Managing Quality Improvement in Managed Care

Achieving Effective Marketing and Sales in Managed Care

Achieving and Maintaining Accreditation in Managed Care

Preventing Fraud and Abuse in Managed Care

Complying With State and Federal Regulation of Managed Care

Problems in Medicare Managed Care

Problems in Medicaid Managed Care

Effective Information Systems in Managed Care

Challenges in Patient Relations for Managed Care

Challenges in Provider Relations for Managed Care

Find the:

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Find the:

Moles of Cu(NO3)2

Moles of KI

Moles of product CuI

Average number of moles observed

Theoretical moles based on Cu(NO3)2

Theoretical moles based on KI

Determination of the limiting reagent

Percent Error of the moles of CuI

Conduct your own research on translational science and how it is utilized in your specialty area. Review your specialty area websites and search for articles on evidence-based practice that address the translation of research into practice. This information will inform the Discussion

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Conduct your own research on translational science and how it is utilized in your specialty area. Review your specialty area websites and search for articles on evidence-based practice that address the translation of research into practice. This information will inform the Discussion.

 

The State of the Science in Practice

The phrase evidence-based practice may be most often thought of as a clinical reference; however, research evidence is applicable in every specialty area. What types of research evidence support your work environment? How does research evidence inform your practice?

Now, how current do you think the science is that underlies your practice? How current is the evidence that supports your specialty practice guidelines?

To prepare:

Bring to mind an issue related to your practice. You may use the issue you are exploring for your EBP Project, or another current issue in your specialty area.

If possible, examine practices and/or practice guidelines established to address your selected issue and determine how current the evidence is that supports them.

Using the Walden Library, locate recently published articles that discuss research translated into evidence that applies to your selected practice issue. If you are unable to locate current articles (within the last five years), use the Internet to find evidence-based practice articles on this topic.

Consider the following questions:

How current is the science that supported the practice or practice guidelines?

What new evidence has emerged since the practice guidelines were crafted and adopted?

Write a one page cohesive scholarly response that addresses the following:

Discuss the state of the scientific underpinnings that relate to your selected issue.

How current is the science that supported the practice or practice guidelines?

What new evidence has emerged since the practice guidelines were crafted and adopted? Provide one or two examples that support your assessment.

Required Resources

This page contains the Learning Resources for this week. Be sure to scroll down the page to see all of this week’s assigned Learning Resources.

Readings

Course Text: White, K. M., & Dudley-Brown, S. (2012). Translation of evidence into nursing and health care practice. New York, NY: Springer.

Chapter 1, “Evidence-Based Practice”

Chapter 1 notes that critical thinking is the foundation for evidence-based practice (EBP) and should be guided by a systematic approach to the evaluation of current practice. In this chapter, the authors provide several models and conceptual frameworks often used in developing and implementing an EBP. The authors also opine that developing and sustaining an EBP is the key to making valuable contributions to today’s health care environment.

Chapter 2, “The Science of Translation and Major Frameworks”

In Chapter 2, the author focuses on key developments in translation theory frameworks and models. These models present varied approaches for introducing evidence and facilitating change in clinical practice. The author also highlights the importance of planning and attention to the principles of change.

Course Text: Terry, A. J. (2015). Clinical research for the doctor of nursing practice. (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Pages 21-23, “The Process of Translating Evidence Into Clinical Practice”

In this section of Chapter 1, the author details Rosswurm and Larrabee’s six-phase model for the systematic review of research. This model assists DNP clinicians in systematically reviewing research in order to prepare for designing a change in practice based on validated evidence.

Chapter 3, “Conducting a Literature Review”

In Chapter 3, the author discusses the process of developing a literature review—a critical account of what research has been published on a topic and its relevance to the research study being conducted. Critical appraisal of research is one of the most crucial skills that a researcher must possess to formulate a literature review. In addition to providing an overview of several methodologies for collecting data and appraising it, this chapter also provides a checklist to assist the researcher in the appraisal process.

Article: Titler, M. G. (2010). Translation science and context. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 24(1), 35-55.

Retrieved from the Walden Library using the CINAHL Plus with Full Text database.

This article discusses the importance of context in translation of research to evidence-based practice. In addition, the article discusses the use of tests for translating research into practice (TRIP) to aid in determining the most effective implementation interventions. The author highlights Rogers’ implementation model framework and its assertion that EBPs are subject to the nature of innovation and the manner in which the concepts are communicated to a particular social system. Then, the article briefly explains other factors that influence the successful translation to practice such as users, communication, and the nature of the EBP topic.

Article: Woods, N. F., & Magyary, D. L. (2010). Translational research: Why nursing’s interdisciplinary collaboration is essential. Research & Theory for Nursing Practice, 24(1), 9–24.

Retrieved from the Walden Library using the CINAHL Plus database.

In this article, the authors focus on nursing’s contributions to translational research and interdisciplinary initiatives as well as the importance of nursing leadership to the advancement of clinical practice. The authors assert that teamwork is necessary for the success of translating research into practice and that nurses are called upon to be leaders in facilitating community-based research.

Additional Research

Conduct your own research on translational science and how it is utilized in your specialty area. Review your specialty area websites and search for articles on evidence-based practice that address the translation of research into practice. This information will inform the Discussion.

Optional Resources

Course Text: Terry, A. J. (2015). Clinical research for the doctor of nursing practice. (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 13, “Reducing 30-Day Hospital Readmission of the Heart Failure Patient”

Chapter 14, “A Community-Academic Collaboration to Impact Childhood Obesity”

Chapter 15, “The Impact of Evidence-Based Design”

Chapter 16, “The Lived Experience of Chronic Pain in Nurse Educators”

As you develop sections of your Project Premise, you may wish to review these examples of completed DNP projects.

A 35 year-old woman goes to her physician complaining of spots on her legs and bleeding gums.

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A 35 year-old woman goes to her physician complaining of spots on her legs and bleeding gums.

A 35 year-old woman goes to her physician complaining of spots on her legs and bleeding gums. On examination, she has tiny purple spots covering her legs and evidence of dried blood in her mouth. Her CBC shows hemoglobin 14 g/dl, hematocrit 42%, WBC 5000/mm3 with normal differential, and platelet count 4000/mm3 (with megakaryocytes in bone marrow). What is her diagnosis? Discuss with your peers what led you to chose that diagnosis. What specific terms led you to your choice