Practitioners for Mental Health and Wellbeing

/in /by

A mental illness is a disorder diagnosed by a medical professional (doctors) which can be provided in private clinics or in hospitals. These professionals significantly interfere with an individual’s cognitive, emotional or social abilities and also provide treatments for mental illness. There are different types of mental illness and they occur with varying degrees of severity. Some mental illness takes more time more time to analyse in some cases, some people don’t realise they got mental illness until they are seen by a doctor. A mental illness may also interfere with cognitive, emotional or social abilities but may not meet the criteria for a diagnosed mental illness. Mental health problems often appear as a result of life stressors, and are usually less severe and of shorter duration than mental illnesses. These problems normally resolve itself with time or when the individual has the motivation to make the situation better. However, if mental health problems persist or increase in severity, they may develop into a mental illness which will need more action from doctors and may require treatments or even professional help such as mentors, councillors etc…

Mental health and older people’s services have many years been neglected by policymakers and given low priority in resource allocation, the combination of old age and mental health problems produces a double disadvantage within the broad care, the promotion of mental health and well-being in later life has been the least visible area of activity, due to because of how the practitioners have treated the patients and most practitioners grouped out as the rude staff and are unable to treat the patients with respect because they can’t handle the fact that the patient may have double disadvantages

The role for the social care practitioner to promote mental health and wellbeing is that they would need to contribute to the overall provision of services for all ages by managing a case load in line with pathways, with operational procedure such as assessments and working with all colleagues, including volunteers and peer-support leaders in order to gain the experience and build the confidence working with your peers and colleagues.

In the mental illness industry, there are a lot of types of mental problems such as Anxiety and panic attacks, Depression and Bipolar Disorder. In each of these disorders there are different types of treatments and each have its own way of being sorted.

  • Anxiety and panic attacks is what we feel when we are constantly worrying about something, tense or even afraid. Overthinking about things that are about to happen or things that are going to happen in the future. Anxiety is natural, any human being can experience anxiety, some may suffer from anxiety more than others. This may happen when a human gets a feeling that they are under threat. Anxiety can be experienced by our thoughts, though our feelings to our physical sensations.
  • Depression is most known as a disorder that affects peoples’ everyday life. This Disorder is a low mood that lasts for a long time. This will not stop anyone from having a normal life but makes life experiences a lot harder and seem less worthwhile which means nothing that is done is done properly. Depression can be life-threatening because it can make the individual possibly feel or want to be suicidal. Depression feelings can make a person feel sad or miserable about their life every day.
  • Bipolar Disorder mainly affects a person’s mood. If an individual has Bipolar Disorder it is more likely they experience manic or hypomanic episode which makes them feel high, Depressive episodes can make someone feel low and potentially some psychotic symptoms which can happen during manic or depressed episodes. This Disorder may have a big impact on a individuals life. Individual may feel high or low moods are extreme and that swings moods are overwhelming.

Mental illness can affect relationships and family life and certain medications will have an effect of pregnancy and the ‘unborn child’. If taking medications, medical advice on conceiving prescribed medications should always be conceived in further actions and to be spoken about and sought. Its most know that having woman experiencing mental ill health for the first time in pregnancy is normal. Women may feel more vulnerable, anxious and insecurity and some may develop depression.


In mental health industry there are different type of professionals that support individuals. Each area has its own professional such as:

  • Doctors (GP) Their job role is to talk through the problems in this case Mental health and illness. Doctors prescribe medicine for the right specific disorder, they also may refer the individual to a specialist counsellor or psychiatrist or mental health.
  • Social Workers can offer the individual practical help and advice depending on the matters for example the accommodation and financial support such as benefits.
  • Psychiatrist deals with the physical aspect of mental health such as for example drug therapy. Psychiatrist may work with psychologist and counsellors. Their job role is to discuss with the individual about their thoughts and feelings to work out strategies with the individual.
  • Health visitors are basically qualified nurses with specialist training working for the community. Health visitors help individuals with mental health issues to be able to live in their own home. They help to keep healthy, helping with diet and exercise, be there for the individual, offer practical advice about everything such as food, hygiene and day to day living and let the individual know about other services that may help.

People’s attitudes are changing towards mental ill-health, this is because it is high on political priorities in order to maintain law and order in society and the political intervention has helped while the investment has shown good outcomes and this makes it better for the people of the communities but in a world where the population is getting older, it is very likely to see mental health as a condition in which majority of the population may probably suffer in different forms in their life time

National Strategy improves individuals with mental illness to have a better life. This strategy is basically improving the mental health and wellbeing of the population and keep people well and safe. They provide high-quality services that are equally accessible to everyone with different mental illness.

Section 117 aftercare – This section explains if you can eat free after-care under section 117 of the mental health act 1993. It explains what services you might get and when your care will end, after care means when you get the help after leaving the hospital. Some people who has mental health issues may have be to keep in hospital under the Mental Health Act can get free help and support after they leave hospital when treatment is done. The law that gives this right is section 117 of the Mental Health Act, and it is often referred to as ‘section 117 aftercare’.


Reference list

Essay on Neonatal Tetanus

/in /by

Neonatal tetanus in Pakistan

Every second many neonates die worldwide due to several infections. These infections are more prevalent in the developing countries of the world. Studies reveal that the average neonatal mortality rate (NMR) in the developing countries is 34 per 1000 live births, which is seven times higher than in the developed countries (Paul & Singh, 2004). This NMR is increased due to many reasons of which neonatal tetanus (NNT) is the most common one. Specifically, Pakistan is one of the eight high burden countries which account for 73% of deaths from NNT (Nisar, Aziz & Mumtaz, 2010). A recent study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore also reported 100% mortality among premature neonates and 44% mortality in full term neonates with tetanus (Wasay, Khatri & Salahuddin, 2008). The elimination criterion of NNT is the achievement of less than one case of NNT per 1000 live births in every district of every country. But in countries of Asia like Pakistan, it still strikes babies who have minute or no access to health facilities (SPARC, 2007; Kiwanis & UNICEF, 2011). Thus, this health problem has become one of the greatest concerns in Pakistan and more resources are needed to help all mothers and neonates in need. But, we still need to understand the disease in depth and work on its solutions. Ultimately, these reasons compelled us to produce this issue into a paper. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to discuss the cause and risk factors, solutions and recommendations for neonatal tetanus.

According to Ghosh and Sharma (2011) “Neonatal tetanus is defined as tetanus occurring in a newborn between the 3rd and 28th day after birth” (p.2). It is a preventable and non-communicable infectious disease caused by a neurotoxin produced by a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium known as Clostridium tetani. This organism produces hard spores which are present in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of human beings and animals. So, in a neonate, infection begins when tetanus spores are introduced through damaged tissue of umbilicus or circumcised area. (Roper, Vandelaer & Gasse, 2007). These spores incubate between 3 and 21 days and results in major clinical features such as poor sucking, convulsions, locked jaw (trismus), and muscle rigidity. (Haddad & Assi, 2007; Wasay et al., 2008). Though, the direct cause of the disease is the organism but there are several risk factors associated with it. A recent case trial was conducted in a Malaysian hospital in which five cases of NNT were seen during the study period. It was found that all five babies were delivered at home by TBAs, four mothers were unsure whether clean instruments were used during delivery or not and only one mother attended antenatal clinic but still did not receive any immunization (Lum & Chew, 2009). This study and several others show that the primary risk factors related with NNT are inadequate immunization, lack of clean delivery services and improper postpartum cord care. (Ghosh & Sharma, 2011). Firstly, the major risk factor of NNT is the lack of immunization in mothers. In a research conducted at Lahore, it was shown that 80% of the neonates were home delivered with 88% mothers not being vaccinated against tetanus (Wasay et al., 2008). Thus, if mothers are not immunized with tetanus toxoid then the neonate has a high chance of acquiring NNT. Secondly, most of the mothers do not have privileges of delivering a baby at proper health care facilities which in turn puts their babies on a danger for attaining NNT due to high risk of non-sterility. In rural areas of Pakistan, due to cultural limitations and lack of access to quality health care services, home deliveries are preferred over hospital deliveries. Also, more than 83% of deliveries take place at home with the help of TBAs or mother in laws. (Ismail, Sarmad & Akram, 2007; Hirani, 2008). But the question arises that are these TBAs competent enough to conduct safe deliveries? In this regard, a study reported that in Bakkar district of Pakistan, no significant differences were found between the level of trained and untrained TBAs (Ismail et al., 2007). This shows that unhygienic delivery practices prevail which can be a risk factor for the development of NNT. Finally, cord clamping and care practices also play a vital role in the progress of NNT. In Pakistan, as a traditional practice, a baby’s cord is cut with unclean blades or knives, and many a times cow dung or ash is applied for the healing purpose. (Hirani, 2008). These practices are very harmful and can result in NNT. Besides these, several other risk factors that can lead to NNT are lack of antenatal visits, poverty, ignorance, lack of paternal and maternal education, young maternal age and cultural restrictions. (Demicheli, Barale, Rivetti, 2007; Roper et al.,2007).

Treating NNT is a complex task that requires both primary and secondary interventions. On one hand, secondary treatment is mostly symptomatic which comprises of wound debridement, administration of tetanus immunoglobulin, muscle relaxants, analgesics and anti-infective drugs (Edlich et al., 2003). But on the other hand, optimal control of NNT requires certain measures at primary level that could help in resolving this health issue. First of all, the key strategy to prevent NNT is the provision of passive immunity to neonates through prior immunization of their mothers with tetanus toxoid. A recent study has estimated that mortality from NNT can be decreased by 94% with the immunization of pregnant women and women of childbearing age with at least 2 doses of tetanus toxoid vaccine (Ganatra & Zaidi, 2010). In Pakistan, this measure is being carried out through Expanded Immunization Programme in all districts where lady health workers are motivating and referring women for immunization (Ismail et al., 2007). However, the percentage of women getting two doses of TT vaccination was 56% in 2002, 57% in 2003, 45% in 2004 and 53% in 2006 (Nisar et al., 2010). But why most of the women are deprived of this intervention? Illiteracy and ignorance are the core reasons behind this lacking. In a study, the most common reason for inadequate TT vaccination reported by Pakistani women was that they did not know the importance of TT vaccination (Nisar et al., 2010). Moreover, due to lack of motivation from self and family they do not approach for immunization. Secondly, safe obstetric care can ensure less risk of NNT. This includes educating health professionals like doctors, nurses and TBAs about safe and clean delivery methods. It can be achieved by providing them sterile equipments, hygienic environments and proper instructions for cord cutting and clamping (Sibley & Sipe, 2004). Though, health care providers are educated but still women lack access to avail these safe facilities. The poor women of our country face three delays to acquire these facilities. These are the lack of availability of services, lack of access of services and lack of referral transport system (Paul & Singh, 2004). Ultimately, deliveries are performed at home. Therefore, EmOC services should be well established and monitored (Jafarey et al., 2008). Another interesting strategy for this is the introduction of a community-based delivery kit which contains necessary materials for achieving clean delivery. This kit should remain in the mother’s home and explanations on its use should be given to the family by health care workers through pictures. (Roper et al.,2007). Finally, proper cord care is also a significant solution to prevent NNT .It involves practices like proper hand washing before and after the contact with cord and keeping the cord dry and exposed to air or loosely covered with clean clothes (WHO, 1998). Moreover, TBAs, mothers and other family members should be instructed to avoid applying cow dung, ash or ghee on the umbilical cord or circumcised wound. Instead of this, they should be advised to use topical antimicrobial agents such as povidone iodine, chlorhexidine and ethanol. (WHO, 1998; Ganatra & Zaidi, 2010). Among which, chlorhexidine is the most preferred by WHO due to broad spectrum activity, high effectivity and low cost. A case control study in rural Pakistan, reported decreased risk of NNT when above mentioned antibitoics were used for wound care (Ganatra & Zaidi, 2010). If we consider the greatest barrier in this intervention then we’ll come to know that the cultural beliefs of our people are so strong that they are not ready to accept and apply these measures. Therefore, it is necessary to explore their value belief systems and make them aware of the negative consequences of these practices (Hirani, 2008). For example, help people to understand the phenomenon of bacterial contamination of the cord stump by unwashed hands, unclean blades, cow dung etc. using easy terminologies (WHO, 1998).These strategies were also implemented through a community trial in the Hala district of Pakistan by three community mobilizers of AKU who provided community education and advocacy for facility births (Bhutta et al., 2011).

Various steps should be taken to promote immunization, clean delivery practices and proper cord care at individual, family, community and government level. At individual level, the mothers and health care workers should implement appropriate practices and adhere to provided guidelines. At the family level, along with mothers, fathers and other family members should be provided knowledge and encouraged to take part in care giving. (Hirani, 2008). Families should cater the nutritional needs of a mother and provide her opportunity to have antenatal visits. (Demicheli et al., 2007; Edlich et al., 2003). At community level, the ‘high risk approach’ is recommended to all childbearing and pregnant women (Griffiths et al.,2004). In this, campaigns should be launched to provide immunization to women who are unable to access routine tetanus immunization, antenatal care and quality obstetric services. Also, public awareness programs should be run on regular basis. These programs should invite all mothers with their families and give them a platform to discuss their concerns. Sessions for pregnant women should also include the important component of antenatal immunization dates and the females themselves should take the initiative to remember them and go as per schedule (PAHO, 2005). Community health services should assess the families for unsafe practices and also establish tetanus surveillance system to record the cases and non-cases separately. Then, all suspected cases should be investigated by an epidemiologist or other trained staff to confirm the diagnosis and to detect possible sources of infection (PAHO, 2005). They should also circulate informative brochures according to the level of understanding of community members. According to WHO (1998) there should be a written policy for immunization, cleanliness for birth and cord care that is routinely communicated to all staff. Community health workers should also incorporate general antenatal plan for all the females to have a tetanus shot when attending the antenatal clinic. At the same time, it should be ascertained that women are keeping a permanent immunization record. They could also introduce simpler injection techniques which can be used by lay personnel. As we have observed the use of insulin pens which could be administered even at homes. Similarly, it could be applied for tetanus vaccines with proper instructions. (UNICEF, 2005). At government level, a voucher system for vaccination which was previously introduced in Gujarat could also be introduced in Pakistan to reduce the risk of NNT. (Jafarey et al., 2008). Furthermore, financial support should be provided to the communities with low resources. Also, district management information system (DMIS) should be incorporated to plan for interventions (Jafarey et al., 2008). The government should collaborate with the non-governmental organizations in order to plan for effective maternal and child health services. In addition, it can cooperate with media authorities to promote mass awareness among public regarding this issue (Wasay et al.,2008).

Researches have been conducted for the NNT but still more work needs to be done. Studies are required in exploring the effects of community health care utilization in order to compare and contrast different communities for the variations in health care. (Ghosh & Sharma, 2011). Also, hospital and community-based studies could be done to compare the risk of cord infection with and without antibiotic application (WHO, 1998). Moreover, researches should be directed to establish the pharmacological properties of traditional substances such as herbs, leaves and colostrum so that instead of applying harmful substances they could utilize easily available material (WHO, 1998).

In conclusion, neonatal tetanus which is caused by Clostridium tetani, is a major reason of neonatal mortality in Pakistan. Three major risk factors associated with this disease are low immunization status, poor delivery conditions and unsafe cord cleaning practices. But there are also several other risk factors related to NNT. Therefore, many strategies have already been implemented to minimize the magnitude of this disease. However, with further recommendations and researches, more efforts could be made to eliminate this disease and assure a safe and quality life to neonates who are truly the assets of our country.

Exp19-excel-appcapstone-compassessment-manufacturing | Computer Science homework help

/in /by

Exp19_Excel_AppCapstone_CompAssessment_Manufacturing

You have recently become the CFO for Beta Manufacturing, a small cap company that produces auto parts. As you step into your new position, you have decided to compile a report that details all aspects of the business, including: employee tax withholding, facility management, sales data, and product inventory. To complete the task, you will duplicate existing formatting, utilize various conditional logic functions, complete an amortization table with financial functions, visualize data with PivotTables, and lastly import data from another source.

1

Start Excel. Download and open   the file named Exp19_Excel_AppCapstone_ComprehensiveAssessment- Manufacturing.xlsx. Grader has   automatically added your last name to the beginning of the filename.

2

Group all the worksheets in the   workbook and fill the range A1:F1 from the Insurance worksheet across all   worksheets including the formatting. Ungroup the worksheets after the fill is   complete and ensure the Insurance worksheet is active.

3

Click cell I5, and enter a   function that determines the number of full-time employees, (FT).

4

Enter a database function in   cell I6 that determines the average salary of all full-time employees with at   least one dependent. Format the results in Accounting Number Format.

5

Enter a lookup function in cell   E5 that returns the tax deduction amount for the number of dependents listed   in the cell C5. Use   the table in range H13:I17 to complete the function. The maximum deduction is   $500.00; therefore, employees with more than four dependents will receive no   additional deductions.

6

Use Auto Fill to copy the   function down, completing column E. Be sure to use the appropriate cell   referencing. Format the data in column E with the Accounting Number Format.

7

Enter a logical function in cell   F5 that calculates employee FICA withholding. If the employee is full-time   and has at least one dependent, then he or she pays 7% of the annual salary   minus any deductions. All other employees pay 5% of the annual salary minus   any deductions. Copy the function down through column F. Format the data in   column F with Accounting Number Format.

8

Apply conditional formatting to   the range C5:C34   that highlights any dependents that are greater than 3 with Light Red Fill and Dark Red Text.

9

Click cell H10, and enter an   AVERAGEIFS function to determine the average salary of full-time employees   with at least one dependent. Format the results in Accounting Number Format.

10

Use Advanced Filtering to   restrict the data to only display full-time employees with at least one   dependent. Place the results in cell A37. Use the criteria in the range   H24:M25 to complete the function.

11

Ensure that the Facilities   worksheet is active. Use Goal Seek to reduce the monthly payment in cell B6   to the optimal value of $6000. Complete this task by changing the Loan amount in cell E6.

12

Create the following three   scenarios using Scenario Manager. The scenarios should change the cells B7, B8,   and E6.

Good     B7 = .0325  B8 = 5  E6 = 275000

Most   Likely  B7 = .057  B8 = 5  E6 = 312227.32

Bad  B7 = .0700  B8 = 3  E6 = 350000

Create a Scenario Summary Report based on the value in cell B6. Format the   new report appropriately.

13

Ensure that the Facilities   worksheet is active. Enter a reference to the beginning loan balance in cell   B12 and enter a   reference to the payment amount in cell C12.

14

Enter a function in cell D12,   based on the payment and loan details, that calculates the amount of interest   paid on the first payment. Be sure to use the appropriate absolute, relative,   or mixed cell references.

15

Enter a function in cell E12,   based on the payment and loan details, that calculates the amount of   principal paid on the first payment. Be sure to use the appropriate absolute,   relative, or mixed cell references.

16

Enter a formula in cell F12 to   calculate the remaining balance after the current payment. The remaining   balance is calculated by subtracting the principal payment from the balance   in column B.

17

Enter a function in cell G12, based on the payment   and loan details, that calculates the amount of cumulative interest paid on   the first payment. Be sure to use the appropriate absolute, relative, or   mixed cell references.

18

Enter a function in cell H12,   based on the payment and loan details, that calculates the amount of   cumulative principal paid on the first payment. Be sure to use the   appropriate absolute, relative, or mixed cell references.

19

Enter a reference to the   remaining balance of payment 1 in cell B13. Use the fill handle to copy the functions created in   the prior steps down to complete the amortization table.

20

Ensure the Sales worksheet is   active. Enter a function in cell B8 to create a custom transaction number.   The transaction number should be comprised of the item number listed in cell   C8 combined with the quantity in cell D8 and the first initial of the payment type in cell E8. Use   Auto Fill to copy the function down, completing the data in column B.

21

Enter a nested function in cell G8 that displays the word Flag if the Payment Type is Credit and the Amount is greater than   or equal to $4000. Otherwise, the function will display a blank cell. Use Auto   Fill to copy the function down, completing the data in column G.

22

Create a data validation list in   cell D5 that displays Quantity, Payment Type, and Amount (in that order).

23

Type the Trans# 30038C in cell B5, and select Quantity from the validation list in   cell D5.

24

Enter a nested lookup function   in cell F5 that evaluates the Trans # in cell B5 as well as the Category in   cell D5, and returns the results based on the data in the range A8:F32.

25

Create a PivotTable based on the   range A7:G32. Place the PivotTable in cell I17 on the current worksheet.   Place Payment Type in the Rows box and Amount in the Values box. Format the   Amount with Accounting Number Format.

26

Insert a PivotChart using the   Pie chart type based on the data. Place the upper-left corner of the chart   inside cell I22. Format the Legend of the chart to appear at the bottom of   the chart area. Format the Data Labels to appear on the Outside end of the   chart.

27

Insert a Slicer based on Date.   Place the upper-left corner of the Slicer inside cell L8.

28

Use PowerQuery to connect to the   Access database Exp19_Excel_AppCapstone_Comprehensive_Inventory.accdb.   Load the Inventory table into a new worksheet named Inventory.

Note, Mac users, download and import the delimited Inventory.txt file into a new worksheet named Inventory starting in cell A1.

29

Create a footer with your name   on the left, the sheet code in the center, and the file name on the right for   each worksheet.

30

Save the file Exp19_Excel_AppCapstone_ComprehensiveAssessment-   Manufacturing.xlsx. Exit Excel. Submit the file as directed.

Caring for Vulnerable Adults with Learning Disabilities

/in /by

A learning disability is a common lifelong condition which is neither an illness nor a disease. The significant improvement in healthcare has meant that survival rates of people with disabilities has increased meaning there is going to be more adults with learning disabilities in the future. The department of health has also attributed the increase to better diagnosis. The term is used in relation to individuals who have the following characteristics:

  • Low levels of intelligence
  • Impairment of adaptive functioning
  • Inability to learn new skills
  • Inability to cope independently. (BPS 2000)

The most commonly diagnosed learning disabilities are autism, asperges syndrome, Down’s syndrome, Cerebral palsy, dyslexia and many others. Learning disabilities are either caused by heredity factors or environmental factors which can either be prenatal or postnatal. (Joseph 1997)

If you turn on the news or search the internet there are countless stories about how adults with learning disabilities have been shamelessly treated by either carers family and various other institutions. I consider this group to be at risk and vulnerable in the community in the UK.

In the last 40 years care of adults with learning disabilities has moved from institutional based to more community based. This has led to a greater concentration of vulnerable adults with learning disabilities in our community. Whilst care is now mostly community based most of the institutions and agencies that support this have not adequately adapted. This has led adults with learning disabilities to be at risk and vulnerable in two main ways: Healthcare and abuse.


Healthcare

An inquiry by the department of health reveals the following inadequacies in the healthcare of adults in learning disabilities:

  • Employees in the NHS have limited knowledge of learning disabilities
  • Insufficient attention or no reasonable adjustments are made for them
  • Compliance of legislation such as disability discrimination is not effectively monitored

All these factors have led to adults with learning disabilities are 58 times more likely to die at the age of 50 than the general population. (Hollins et al 1998). This is also supported by a recent confidential inquiry into the premature death of people with learning disabilities (Heslop et al 2013) catalogued that many die because of a delay or problem with treatment. Adults with learning disabilities are more susceptible to other illnesses such as visual and cognitive impairment, obesity, schizophrenia, epilepsy, osteoporosis and gastrointestinal problems. This group of vulnerable adults is also subject to diagnostic overshadowing which is a tendency by health staff to attribute symptoms of an illness to learning disabilities whilst overlooking the actual illness.

This is why adults with learning disabilities are less likely to receive pain relief and receive palliative care (Tuffrey- wijne 2007) and if you are from an ethnic minority the percentage is higher. (Ahmed et al 2004) All this evidence is supported by an audit by NICE (National Institute for Clinical Excellence) in 2002 that said 40% of deaths in adults with learning disabilities were potentially preventable.


Abuse

Abuse can be physical, psychological or verbal but it is basically an act of neglect or an omission to act or it can occur to a vulnerable person who is coerced into doing something they have not consented to or cannot consent to. (Department of health 2000) Although victims of abuse are found across the whole age spectrum, irrespective of social class, gender or ethnicity evidence suggest it disproportionately higher in adults. Below are the main types of abuse:

  • Physical abuse
  • Psychological/ emotional abuse
  • Financial abuse
  • Sexual abuse
  • Discriminatory abuse
  • Institutional abuse
  • Neglect abuse

Abuse is normally carried out by a person known by the victim so there tends to be some grooming that will take place before the abuse actually takes place. Adults with learning disabilities are at risk and vulnerable to abuse because some have been brought up in a setting they get told what to do and there is little independence.

The legal and the policy framework in the UK is different in each of the four countries. This has been brought about because of devolution of power. Whilst the legal and policy framework may differ slightly it is all aimed at:

  • Promoting dignity
  • social inclusion
  • citizenship
  • equal rights and opportunities
  • empowerment

Currently the equality act 2010 and the care act 2014 are the main legal frameworks that protect adults with learning disabilities from discrimination in the UK. This is where you find the “no secrets” which is the current department of health guidance on dealing with abuse and discrimination in vulnerable adults.

The disclosure and barring service which was formed in 2012 is a service that was designed to avoid harm or risk of harm by preventing persons with prior criminal history from working with persons affected by learning disabilities. Also under the mental capacity act there is the protection of vulnerable adults (POVA) This enables health workers and carers to be reported of any misconduct in relation vulnerable adults.

Advocacy is another part of the policy framework that relates to adults with learning disabilities. In contrast to empowerment advocacy does not give power but gives the right to make representation to those in positions of power.

The principles of advocacy are nurturing, witnessing, supporting, translating, protesting, listening, informing, liaising, negotiating and encouraging all aimed at improving the wellbeing of the individual. There are different types of advocacy:

  • citizen advocacy
  • self advocacy
  • group advocacy (Payne 1995)
  • professional advocacy

In the Uk there are plenty of organisations and opportunities for advocacy such as the care quality commission, various charities which specialize in helping adults with learning disabilities.

References

  1. Bartlett, A. and Hassell, Y. (2001) Do women need special secure services? Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 7, 302±309.
  2. Mental health services for adults with intellectual disability: Strategies and solutions, Edited by Nick Bouras and Geraldine holt 2010 psychology press.
  3. Morgan C, Ahmed Z, Kerr M. Health care provision for people with a learning disability: record-linkage study of epidemiology and factors contributing to hospital care uptake. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2006; (176): 37-41.
  4. Tuffrey-Wijne I, Hogg J, Curfs L. End of life and palliative care for people with intellectual disabilities who have cancer or other life-limiting illness: a review of the literature and available resources. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 2007; 20(4): 331-344.

Internet References


  1. www.bild.org.uk/disability

  2. www.gov.uk/theadultsocialcareoutcomesframework2013/14

  3. www.nhs.uk/livewellwhatislearningdisability

  4. www.rcn.org.uk/learningdisability

  5. www.scie.org.uk/dignityincare

Importance Of Palliative Care Nursing Essay

/in /by

Palliative care improves quality of life of patient and families who face life threatening disease, by provide pain and symptom relief, spiritual, psychosocial support to diagnosis to end of life, In most of world, majority of cancer patient are in advances stages of cancer when first seen by medical professional. For them, only factual treatment option is pain relief and palliative care. Effective approaches to palliative care are available to improve quality of life for cancer patient. Cancer pain release is diffusion of the world health organization global communication program for improve cancer pain control and palliative and supportive care (World Health Organization, 2011). Lung cancer is a disease which consists of uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. This growth may lead to metastasis, which is the invasion of adjacent tissue and infiltration beyond the lungs. The vast majority of primary lung cancers are carcinomas of the lung, derived from epithelial cells. Lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer-related death in men and women, is responsible for 1.3 million deaths worldwide annually, as of 2004.The most common symptoms are shortness of breath (WIKIPEDIA,2011).

Which nursing problem does lennart have?

Pain and Irritation upon draining of tubes.

Nausea and diarrhea.

Loss of energy.

Loss of appetite.

Eelevated blood pressure

How would you prioritize his problem?

Diarrhea

Pain and irritation upon draining tube

Loss of appetite

Nausea

Loss of energy

Eelevated blood pressure

NURSING CARE PLAN

Assessment:

Objective data: he has an elevated blood pressure and diabetes.

Subjective data: diarrhea. Nausea, pain.

Take medical history. Patient complained of abdominal pain, bowel movement cramping. Increased frequency of stool, increased frequency of bowel sounds loose, liquid stools, diarrhea. Assess onset and patterns of diarrhea Assess and identify individual stress factors and coping behaviors. Assist thorough diagnosis including neurologic and psycho logic Assess patient’s attitude toward pain.

.Discuss with patient, family and other medical team the treatment and medical

Diagnosis: diarrhea, pain, nausea related to lung cancer.

Intervention:

Observe and record frequency, characteristic, amount, time of day, and precipitating factors related to occurrence of diarrhea

Observe pain associated with episodes

Observe nausea and vomiting.

Every day make blood test for diabetes and give medication and give diabetes food. Give treatment to hypertension and cheek blood pressure and give low salt food advice patient make exercises every day.

Auscultate abdomen for presence, location, and characteristic of bowel sounds observe for associated factors such as fever / chills, abdominal pain / cramping .Determine diet and nutritional status. Review drug intake. Determine recent exposure to different / foreign environment, change in drinking water, food intake and illness of other. Note concurrent illnesses, treatment, food and drug allergic, lactose intravenous and therapy side effects. Eliminate: relaxation techniques to decrease stress / anxiety. Provide for changes in dietary intake to avoid diarrhea. Limit caffeine and high fiber foods, avoid milk and dairy products. Recommended change in drug therapy as appropriate (eg. Antacid) Assess baseline hydration, note postural hypotension, tachycardia, skin cracks, and condition of mucous membranes. Review laboratory work. Administer drugs as indicated to decrease gastrointestinal motility and minimize fluid losses. Administer IVF as indicated. Maintain skin integrity (ointment skin as needed) .Promote returns to normal bowel functioning:

Increase oral fluid intake and return to normal diet with assist from his family members. Give medication as ordered, for example to decrease motility and to absorb water and explain that to the patient and to his family. Patient maintains normal bowel function with good hydration. Understanding of causative factors and rationale for treatment regimen .Demonstrates appropriate behavior to assist with resolution of causative factors like proper food preparation or avoidance of irritating. Verbalization of pain upon draining of tube Distraction behavior (moaning, crying, pacing, seeking out other people or activities, restlessness .Autonomic responses like diaphoresis , blood pressure and pulse changes . Papillary dilatation increased or decreased respiratory rate. Pain, Alleviate patient from pain, Provide comfort while draining of tube Explain procedure to the patient and family and when it hurt to reduce concern of the unknown .Nursing priority: assess etiology / precipitating and contributory factor.

Determine possible pathophiysiologic / psycho logic causes of pain eg( inflammation , thrombosis ,grief ,fear and anxiety )

Nursing priority: evaluate patient’s response to pain.

Observe patients walk, how patient holds body, sits ,facial expression ,cool finger tips / toes , which can mean constricted useless .

Determine pain characteristics; dull, throbbing, constant , sharp ,intermittent Assess for referred pain. Monitor vital signs as usually it increase in acute pain, Review patients previous experience with pain.

Nursing priority assist patient to explore methods for alleviation and control of pain: Instruct patient to report pain as soon as it begins ,encourage verbalization of feelings about the pain ,provide quiet environment , calm , activities . provide comfort measures ( eg. Back rub , change of position , use of heat or cold if indicated ) and encourage his family to do it .encourage relaxation exercise with the use of individualized tapes ( eg. Music and instructional ) .encourage to use diversirnal activities ( eg, TV ,radio and socialization ) ,assist in treatment of the cause of pain and evaluate effectiveness .encourage rest to prevent fatigue ,identify ways of avoiding or minimizing pain ,review ways to lessen pain ,discuss with significant others ways in which they can assist patient and can reduce precipitating factors that may cause or increase pain .

Evaluation:

Patient reports that he is relieved from pain.

He follows prescribed pharmacologic regimen.

Verbalizes methods that provide relief .

Demonstrate use of relaxation skills and dimensional activities.

Conclusion:

Cancer patient has severe pain the nurse should be observer this pain and give medicine and attention to case of spiritual psychical through palliative care.

Cancer patient need to support from teamwork and family is the source of light and hope of the patient, I think support depend on family. Teamwork is foundation palliative care and everywhere cooperative teamwork will outcome become high for palliative care. Communication is contact the most powerful factor in palliative care causes it is a point of communication between teamwork and family and between patient, teamwork, good communication is the secret success palliative care.

Identify trends in the firms natural and technological environments

/in /by

Identify trends in the firms natural and technological environments

 

BY Joel Jacob Mathew Learning Goals 1. Understand environmental forces 2. Learn how demographic and economic factors affect marketing 3. Identify trends in the firms natural and technological environments 4. Explore key changes in political and cultural environments 5. Realize how companies react to the marketing environment 3-1 Case Study McDonalds Challenges and Reactions ??? Challenges Shifting consumer lifestyles Low ratings of food and service quality Atmosphere not upscale Image of being unclassy, uncultured and uncool to younger target markets ??? Marketing Initiatives Focus on core competency of consistent products and reliable service Upscale alternative including McCafe and Bistro Gourmet Healthier food options with elimination of supersize and introduction of Go Active! Adult Happy Meal 3-2 The Marketing Environment ??? Marketing Environment: ??? The actors and forces outside marketing that affect ??? ??? ??? ??? marketing managements ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers Microenvironment Includes the actors close to the company Macroenvironment Involves larger societal forces Goal 1: Understand environmental factors 3-3 Microenvironment Actors 1. The company ??? Marketing must consider other parts of the organization including finance, R&D, purchasing, operations and accounting ??? Marketing decisions must relate to broader company goals and strategies Goal 1: Describe environmental factors 3-4 Microenvironment Actors 1. The company 2. Suppliers ??? Marketers must watch supply availability and pricing ??? Effective partnership relationship management with suppliers is essential Goal 1: Describe environmental factors 3-5 Microenvironment Actors 1. The company 2. Suppliers 3. Marketing intermediaries ??? Help to promote, sell and distribute goods to final buyers ??? Include resellers, physical distribution firms, marketing services agencies and financial intermediaries ??? Effective partner relationship management is essential Goal 1: Describe environmental factors 3-6 Microenvironment Actors 1. The company 2. Suppliers 3. Marketing intermediaries 4. Customers ??? The five types of customer markets ??? Consumer ??? Business ??? Reseller ??? Government ??? International Goal 1: Describe environmental factors 3-7 Microenvironment Actors 1. The company 2. Suppliers 3. Marketing intermediaries 4. Customers 5. Competitors ??? Conducting competitor analysis is critical for success of the firm ??? A marketer must monitor its competitors offerings to create strategic advantage Goal 1: Describe environmental factors 3-8 Microenvironment Actors 1. The company 2. Suppliers 3. Marketing intermediaries 4. Customers 5. Competitors 6. Publics ??? A group that has an actual or potential interest in or impact on an organization ??? Seven publics include: ??? Financial ??? Media ??? Government ??? Citizen-action ??? Local ??? General ??? Internal Goal 1: Describe environmental factors 3-9 The Macroenvironment Macroenvironmental Forces ??? Demographic ??? Technological ??? Economic ??? Political ??? Natural ??? Cultural Goal 1: Describe environmental factors 3 – 10 Demographic Environment ??? Demographic Environment: ??? The study of human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, race, occupation and other statistics Goal 2: Learn how demographic & economic factors affect marketing 3 – 11 Demographic Environment Changing age structure of the U.S. population is the single most important demographic trend Baby boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y are the key groups Goal 2: Learn how demographic & economic factors affect marketing 3 – 12 Demographic Environment Key Generations Baby Boomers Born between…; BY Joel Jacob Mathew Learning Goals 1. Understand environmental forces 2. Learn how demographic and economic factors affect marketing 3. Identify trends in the firms natural and technological environments 4. Explore key changes in political and cultural environments 5. Realize how companies react to the marketing environment 3-1 Case Study McDonalds Challenges and Reactions ??? Challenges Shifting consumer lifestyles Low ratings of food and service quality Atmosphere not upscale Image of being unclassy, uncultured and uncool to younger target markets ??? Marketing Initiatives Focus on core competency of consistent products and reliable service Upscale alternative including McCafe and Bistro Gourmet Healthier food options with elimination of supersize and introduction of Go Active! Adult Happy Meal 3-2 The Marketing Environment ??? Marketing Environment: ??? The actors and forces outside marketing that affect ??? ??? ??? ??? marketing managements ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers Microenvironment Includes the actors close to the company Macroenvironment Involves larger societal forces Goal 1: Understand environmental factors 3-3 Microenvironment Actors 1. The company ??? Marketing must consider other parts of the organization including finance, R&D, purchasing, operations and accounting ??? Marketing decisions must relate to broader company goals and strategies Goal 1: Describe environmental factors 3-4 Microenvironment Actors 1. The company 2. Suppliers ??? Marketers must watch supply availability and pricing ??? Effective partnership relationship management with suppliers is essential Goal 1: Describe environmental factors 3-5 Microenvironment Actors 1. The company 2. Suppliers 3. Marketing intermediaries ??? Help to promote, sell and distribute goods to final buyers ??? Include resellers, physical distribution firms, marketing services agencies and financial intermediaries ??? Effective partner relationship management is essential Goal 1: Describe environmental factors 3-6 Microenvironment Actors 1. The company 2. Suppliers 3. Marketing intermediaries 4. Customers ??? The five types of customer markets ??? Consumer ??? Business ??? Reseller ??? Government ??? International Goal 1: Describe environmental factors 3-7 Microenvironment Actors 1. The company 2. Suppliers 3. Marketing intermediaries 4. Customers 5. Competitors ??? Conducting competitor analysis is critical for success of the firm ??? A marketer must monitor its competitors offerings to create strategic advantage Goal 1: Describe environmental factors 3-8 Microenvironment Actors 1. The company 2. Suppliers 3. Marketing intermediaries 4. Customers 5. Competitors 6. Publics ??? A group that has an actual or potential interest in or impact on an organization ??? Seven publics include: ??? Financial ??? Media ??? Government ??? Citizen-action ??? Local ??? General ??? Internal Goal 1: Describe environmental factors 3-9 The Macroenvironment Macroenvironmental Forces ??? Demographic ??? Technological ??? Economic ??? Political ??? Natural ??? Cultural Goal 1: Describe environmental factors 3 – 10 Demographic Environment ??? Demographic Environment: ??? The study of human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, race, occupation and other statistics Goal 2: Learn how demographic & economic factors affect marketing 3 – 11 Demographic Environment Changing age structure of the U.S. population is the single most important demographic trend Baby boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y are the key groups Goal 2: Learn how demographic & economic factors affect marketing 3 – 12 Demographic Environment Key Generations Baby Boomers Born between…

Work computer science | Computer Science homework help

/in /by

1 – What is deep learning? What can deep learning do that traditional machine-learning methods cannot?

2 – List and briefly explain different learning paradigms/methods in AI.

3- What is representation learning, and how does it relate to machine learning and deep learning?

4- List and briefly describe the most commonly used ANN activation functions.

5- What is MLP, and how does it work? Explain the function of summation and activation weights in MLP-type ANN.

6 -Cognitive computing has become a popular term to define and characterize the extent of the ability of machines/computers to show “intelligent” behavior. Thanks to IBM Watson and its success on Jeopardy!, cognitive computing and cognitive analytics are now part of many real world intelligent systems. In this exercise, identify at least three application cases where cognitive computing was used to solve complex real-world problems. Summarize your findings in a professionally organized report.

be sure to include an APA cover page and include at least two APA formatted references (and APA in-text citations) to support the work this week.

No Plagiarism, please

And follow APA

NEED 2 Pages (Excluding cover page and reference page )

Quantitative or qualitative research question | Prof Writing & Proposal Dev

/in /by

Write a quick one paragraph describing the mock dissertation topic (see list of topics below) that you will write about in this class and include your research question. You must list if your study will be quantitative or qualitative. Use academic writing style and standard. There is no word limit. ***You are not allowed to do a mixed-methods study in this class*** Make sure the topic you choose will use a quantitative or qualitative approach!

Note: Topics chosen in this course cannot be used in your actual dissertation that you will complete in the future.

IT Students:

Enhancing Cyber Security In Healthcare -With The Help Of Machine Learning

Using Data Science Techniques To Enhance Data Security

How is it plausible for health care teams to exist and coexist without conflict

/in /by

How is it plausible for health care teams to exist and coexist without conflict

Given conflicting and diverse interests, how is it plausible for health care teams to exist and coexist without conflict Given conflicting and diverse interests, how is it plausible for health care teams to exist Given conflicting and diverse interests, how is it plausible for health care teams to exist and coexist without conflict Given conflicting and diverse interests, how is it plausible for health care teams to exist and coexist without conflict? Explain.

Identify an issue currently in the news that is associated with federal, state, or local efforts to improve healthcare delivery.

/in /by

Identify an issue currently in the news that is associated with federal, state, or local efforts to improve healthcare delivery.

Issues and trends that affect healthcare delivery are varied and arise from many different sources, such as the emergence of new technologies, changing patient and workforce demographics, and economic fluctuations. Federal, state, and local policies are continually instituted or amended to address new developments or priorities and to rectify problems in healthcare delivery. For instance, changes may be required to address cost containment challenges or disparities in access to healthcare services.
To prepare for this Discussion:
• Identify an issue currently in the news that is associated with federal, state, or local efforts to improve healthcare delivery.
• Research the issue in a variety of news sources, such as government sites (e.g., the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Mental Health) and online newspapers. Do not use blogs or other informal sources.
• Select one article or news item on which to focus for this Discussion.
• Reflect on the information in the article/news item and consider how it relates to your understanding of the U.S. healthcare delivery system. Review the information in the Resources and conduct additional research using the Walden University Library and credible websites to deepen your understanding of this issue.
• Think about the social, economic, and political circumstances surrounding this issue.
Post by Day 4 a comprehensive response to the following:
• Summarize the article/news item you selected, noting key areas for discussion.
• Explain why this issue is of interest to you.
• Explain how the issue addressed in the article/news item relates to information presented in the Resources and/or other credible sources.